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Potential Role of Flavonoids as Anti-diabetic Agents-A Comprehensive ReviewAuthor: Sridevi GopathyDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art001
Potential Role of Flavonoids as Anti-diabetic Agents-A Comprehensive Review
Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus is a widespread and debilitating metabolic disorder marked by sustained elevated blood glucose levels, which can culminate in a range of severe complications if unmanaged. Flavonoids, polyphenolic chemicals originating from plants, have attracted a great deal of attention in the field of diabetes research because of their antidiabetic properties. These naturally occurring substances, which are 15 carbons in structure, are widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based diets, have been shown to offer a number of positive benefits, including the capacity to regulate many facets of insulin and glucose homeostasis. These compounds are classified into six major subclasses based on their structural differences. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have looked at the antidiabetic potential of flavonoids. Flavonoids have been found to modulate enzymes such as ά-glucosidase and ά-amylase, which are the key enzymes for the reduction of blood glucose levels. Emerging evidence suggests that flavonoids may exert their antidiabetic effects through their ability to modulate various cell signaling pathways involved in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. It has been demonstrated that flavonoids contain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities. These qualities are vital for reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, which are crucial factors to the onset of diabetes. This review aims providing comprehensive elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic effects of flavonoids, considering their potential impact on various metabolic pathways involved in diabetes.
Potential Role of Flavonoids as Anti-diabetic Agents-A Comprehensive Review
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Antidiabetic Activity of Allin Isolated from Allium Sativum: Role of P13K/AKT SignallingAuthor: Selvaraj JayaramanDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art002
Antidiabetic Activity of Allin Isolated from Allium Sativum: Role of P13K/AKT Signalling
Abstract:
This study presents a comprehensive molecular docking analysis aimed at elucidating the potential antidiabetic activity of allin, a compound isolated from Allium sativum (garlic). Through computational modelling, we investigated the binding interactions between allin and Rheb, revealing that allin exhibited the lowest binding affinities with a binding energy of -3.24 kcal/mol. The docking results unveiled a significant role of the P13K/AKT signalling pathway in mediating the antidiabetic effects of allin. The interaction between allin and Rheb was characterized by the establishment of a single hydrogen bond involving SER-16 and GDP-201. This interaction contributed to the formation of a binding pocket encompassing key residues such as PRO-37, ARG-15, SER-16, THR-88, LEU-123, GLU-126, and GDP-201. The molecular docking analysis sheds light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic potential of allin, providing insights into its specific interactions with key signalling components. Furthermore, our findings suggest a potential modulation of the P13K/AKT signalling pathway by the allin, emphasizing its significance in the context of antidiabetic activity. The results of this study suggest contributes valuable information to the understanding of the molecular basis of allin's therapeutic potential and provides a foundation for further experimental validations and exploration of its application in diabetes management.
Antidiabetic Activity of Allin Isolated from Allium Sativum: Role of P13K/AKT Signalling
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Identification of the Role of Ajoene from Aegle marmelos Correa for its Anti-Diabetic Action: Role of NRF2/KEAP-1 SignalingAuthor: Selvaraj JayaramanDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art003
Identification of the Role of Ajoene from Aegle marmelos Correa for its Anti-Diabetic Action: Role of NRF2/KEAP-1 Signaling
Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The management of diabetes is a significant for new and effective therapeutic agents. Ajoene, a compound found in garlic, has been shown to have anti-diabetic properties. The Nrf2/Keap-1 signaling pathway has been identified as a potential target for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of ajoene from Aegle Marmelos Correa in the activation of the Nrf2/Keap-1 signaling pathway and its potential as an anti-diabetic agent. In silico analysis was performed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interaction between ajoene and the Nrf2/Keap-1 signaling pathway. The molecular docking studies revealed that ajoene binds to the Nrf2/Keap-1 complex with high affinity, indicating a potential interaction between ajoene and Cul3 was establishment of a single hydrogen bond involving ILE258. This interaction contributed to the formation of a binding pocket encompassing key residues such as LEU-253, ILE-258, VAL-260, LEU-266, LEU-292. These findings suggest that ajoene may activate the Nrf2/Keap-1 signaling pathway, leading to the upregulation of antioxidant genes and the inhibition of oxidative stress, which are known to contribute to the development of diabetes. The results of this study suggest that ajoene from Aegle Marmelos Correa may have potential as anti-diabetic agent through its activation of the Nrf2/Keap-1 signaling pathway. The specific interaction between ajoene and Cul3, characterized by the establishment of a single hydrogen bond involving ILE258, contributes to the formation of a binding pocket encompassing key residues.
Identification of the Role of Ajoene from Aegle marmelos Correa for its Anti-Diabetic Action: Role of NRF2/KEAP-1 Signaling
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Acacetin Interacts with Glycolytic Enzymes and Inhibits DiabetesAuthor: Ponnulakshmi RajagopalDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art004
Acacetin Interacts with Glycolytic Enzymes and Inhibits Diabetes
Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, has been a global health concern with rising prevalence. The search for novel therapeutic agents, especially from natural sources, remains a priority. Acacetin, a flavonoid found in various plants, has shown potential in various biological activities. However, its role in diabetes management, particularly its interaction with glycolytic enzymes, has been less explored. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of acacetin with glycolytic enzymes and its potential as a therapeutic agent for diabetes management. A comprehensive molecular docking analysis was employed to explore the binding affinity of acacetin to glycolytic enzymes, including hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase. The study utilized advanced computational tools and techniques to simulate the interaction dynamics. The binding energy, interaction sites, and stability of the acacetin-enzyme complex were evaluated. Acacetin exhibited significant binding affinity towards all three glycolytic enzymes, with notable stability in the enzyme active sites. The binding energies indicated a strong interaction, suggesting potential inhibitory effects on the enzymes. The interaction was characterized by both hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, contributing to the stability of the complexes. The molecular docking analysis suggests that acacetin interacts effectively with key glycolytic enzymes, potentially inhibiting their activity. This interaction could impede the glycolytic pathway, which is crucial in diabetes pathophysiology. Therefore, acacetin emerges as a promising candidate for diabetes management, warranting further in-vitro and in-vivo studies to explore its therapeutic potential and mechanism of action.
Acacetin Interacts with Glycolytic Enzymes and Inhibits Diabetes
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Studies on the Molecular Interaction of Colchicine with Antioxidant Signaling Molecules and Identification Antidiabetic Activity: Evidences through In-silico AnalysisAuthor: Selvaraj JayaramanDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art005
Studies on the Molecular Interaction of Colchicine with Antioxidant Signaling Molecules and Identification Antidiabetic Activity: Evidences through In-silico Analysis
Abstract:
Colchicine, a naturally occurring alkaloid, has garnered attention for its potential anti-diabetic properties. This study delves into the molecular interactions between colchicine and antioxidant signaling molecules, aiming to uncover its therapeutic potential in managing diabetes. The primary aim of this research is to investigate the intricate molecular interactions between colchicine and key antioxidant signaling molecules. Additionally, through in-silico analysis, the study seeks to identify the antidiabetic activity of colchine. In this study, molecular docking simulations were employed to explore the binding affinities and interactions of colchicine with antioxidant signaling molecules like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, Peroxiredoxin and Hemeoxygenase. The computational analysis was carried out using state-of-the-art software tools, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of potential binding energies. Furthermore, an in-silico analysis was conducted to predict colchicine’s ability to modulate key pathways related to diabetes. The findings reveal that colchicine exhibits strong binding affinities with antioxidant enzymes, suggesting its potential as an antioxidant agent. This study provides valuable insight into the molecular interactions between colchicine and antioxidant signaling molecules. The promising binding affinities and potential antidiabetic activity identified through in-silico analysis highlight colchicine as a candidate for further investigation as a therapeutic agent for diabetes. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments are warranted to validate these in-silico finding and unlock the full potential of colchicine in diabetes management.
Studies on the Molecular Interaction of Colchicine with Antioxidant Signaling Molecules and Identification Antidiabetic Activity: Evidences through In-silico Analysis
References:
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Studies on the Antioxidant Role of Β-Sitosterol on Neuronal Cell Line (IMR32) In Vitro: Role of NRF2-Keap PathwayAuthor: Selvaraj JayaramanDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art006
Studies on the Antioxidant Role of Β-Sitosterol on Neuronal Cell Line (IMR32) In Vitro: Role of NRF2-Keap Pathway
Abstract:
β-Sitosterol is a phytosterol which is universally present in most of the plant seeds and nuts. Its anti-inflammatory property has been studied in vitro in cell line studies and some in vivo studies have also been conducted but few studies have been done to establish its antioxidant property. In this study, we have attempted to explore the antioxidant property through the NRF2-KEAP pathway in the IMR 32 neuronal cell line. Initially, cell viability was checked for varying concentrations of sitosterol using an MTT assay. There was a decline in viability for increased concentration and time factors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay revealed the tendency of sitosterol to inhibit lipid peroxides and hydrogen peroxides. An antioxidant activity assay depicted activating antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as reduced glutathione. In the gene expression analysis using Real Time-PCR NRF2 and KEAP expression was found to be observed maximum for concentration ranges of 10 µM concentration of β-Sitosterol. Current studies have substantiated the antioxidant property of β-Sitosterol through the NRF2- KEAP signalling pathway.
Studies on the Antioxidant Role of Β-Sitosterol on Neuronal Cell Line (IMR32) In Vitro: Role of NRF2-Keap Pathway
References:
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Babu, S., & Jayaraman, S., 2020, An update on β-sitosterol: A Potential Herbal Nutraceutical for Diabetic Management. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie, 131, 110702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110702[20]. Jayaraman, S., Devarajan, N., Rajagopal, P., Babu, S., Ganesan, S. K., Veeraraghavan, V. P., Palanisamy, C. P., Cui, B., Periyasamy, V., & Chandrasekar, K., 2021, β-Sitosterol Circumvents Obesity Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by down-Regulating IKKβ/NF-κB and JNK Signaling Pathway in Adipocytes of Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 26(7), 2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072101Viewed PDF 11 2 -
Molecular Basis behind the Neuroprotective Potential of Beta Sitosterol in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Wistar Albino RatsAuthor: Selvaraj JayaramanDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art007
Molecular Basis behind the Neuroprotective Potential of Beta Sitosterol in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Wistar Albino Rats
Abstract:
Neurodegenerative disorders are on the rise globally. β-Sitosterol shows potential therapeutic benefits, but its neuroprotective mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to assess the neuroprotective effects of β-Sitosterol on pro-inflammatory (NFκB) and antioxidant (NRF-2/KEAP-1) pathways in an in vivo in LPS-induced neurodegeneration model in albino rats. The rats were divided into four groups: normal control, LPS-induced, LPS-induced treated with β-Sitosterol (20 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks), and normal treated with β-Sitosterol. Neurotransmitters (dopamine and serotonin) and antioxidant enzymes (GSH and CAT) were measured by ELISA, and gene expression of NFκB, NRF-2, KEAP-1, IL-6, and IL-18 was assessed by Real-Time RT-PCR. Histopathology of brain tissues was performed. LPS induction significantly decreased neurotransmitters and antioxidant enzymes and upregulated NFκB while downregulating NRF-2 and KEAP-1 mRNA expression. β-Sitosterol treatment normalized these levels (p<0.05) and reduced hyperchromatic pyknotic changes in neuronal nuclei observed in LPS-induced rats. Normal rats treated with β-Sitosterol showed no significant alterations, indicating its safety. These findings suggest β-Sitosterol can reduce neuroinflammation by modulating antioxidant signaling, providing a potential therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases.
Molecular Basis behind the Neuroprotective Potential of Beta Sitosterol in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Wistar Albino Rats
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[21]. Jayaraman, S., Devarajan, N., Rajagopal, P., Babu, S., Ganesan, S. K., Veeraraghavan, V. P., Palanisamy, C. P., Cui, B., Periyasamy, V., & Chandrasekar, K. (2021). β-Sitosterol Circumvents Obesity Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by Down-Regulating IKKβ/NF-κB and JNK Signaling Pathway in Adipocytes of Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 26(7), 2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072101
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Possible Interventional Anticancer Therapy by Phytomedicines - A ReviewAuthor: Sridevi GopathyDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art008
Possible Interventional Anticancer Therapy by Phytomedicines - A Review
Abstract:
Cancer is the rapid proliferation that causes abnormal cells which metastasize to distant tissues. This aberrant signalling mechanism disrupts the regulation of cell proliferation and persistence, ultimately becoming the primary cause of mortality worldwide. The need for novel medications for the treatment and prevention of this deadly disease is constantly rising. Herbal therapies have significance for both preventing and treating a variety of malignancies. Anticancer medications have been discovered and developed from many herbal medicines by the presence of their bioactive phytochemicals such as phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and other secondary metabolites. These herbal products are said to have less toxic side effects when compared to modern treatment strategies. Therapeutic medicinal herbs suppress the progression of cancerous cells by influencing the action of particular enzymes and hormones. The bioactive phytochemicals obstruct cancerous cell multiplication, promote apoptosis of malignant cells, enforce the necrosis of tumors, and inhibit their translocation. They also exert their action by enhancing the number of leukocytes and platelets, promoting the reverse transformation from tumor cells back to usual cells, and they similarly prevent carcinogenesis of regular cells. This review paper enlightens the significance of herbal medicines as anticancer agents and explains, in brief, the mechanism of action and the effects of the herbal bioactive compound. This review helps to explore the potential therapeutic plants as a basis for the discovery of chemotherapy medications.
Possible Interventional Anticancer Therapy by Phytomedicines - A Review
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Anti-diabetic Potential Mechanisms of Phytomedicines – A ReviewAuthor: Sridevi GopathyDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art009
Anti-diabetic Potential Mechanisms of Phytomedicines – A Review
Abstract:
Diabetic mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia. In this condition, the cells and tissues are unable to utilize glucose for energy due to inadequate insulin secretion. The complications of the disease include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic nephropathy that affect the eyes, nerves, kidneys and stroke, renal failure, and heart attacks are other serious consequences of diabetes. The conventional modern medicines for treatment are oral hypoglycemic drugs, sulfonylureas and glinides, metformin and thiazolidinedione, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, and injections such as GLP-1 agonists. Due to the presence of a lot of side effects, the modern world is now turning to bioactive chemical components synthesized from plants. Today, drugs derived from herbs or plants are widely used because of the exploitation of specific compounds and their therapeutic actions. Various phytochemicals have notable and significant mechanisms for reducing the blood glucose level. These natural agents can have a protective and therapeutic effect on diabetes mellitus through cellular mechanisms such as the regeneration of pancreatic β cells, antioxidative stress, and intracellular signalling transduction pathways. The present study aims to review the mechanisms of various phytochemicals that play a role in antidiabetic activity. The possible mechanisms by which the antidiabetic herbs act are α-glucosidase inhibitors, PPAR activators, free radical scavengers, HMG Co suppressors, regenerators of beta cells, and cause an increase in insulin secretion and glycogen synthesis in glycemic control.
Anti-diabetic Potential Mechanisms of Phytomedicines – A Review
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Wound Healing Property of Herbal Dressing Film Using Chitosan and Peel Extracts of Citrus limettaAuthor: Selvaraj JayaramanDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art010
Wound Healing Property of Herbal Dressing Film Using Chitosan and Peel Extracts of Citrus limetta
Abstract:
Impaired wound healing is one of the serious problems among the diabetic patients. To prevent complications and damage to the skin tissue and promote fibroblastic growth, many biological dressing materials and skin grafting have been employed. The present study fabricated a novel wound healing gel/film (CH-CL) using chitosan (CH) and methanolic peel extract of Citrus limetta (CL) and investigated the potential towards the wound healing process. During this investigation, the peel extract of CL was subjected to GC-MS to reveal the bioactive compounds responsible for various activities of the extract. Moreover, the CL extract was analyzed for its anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The CH-CL film was also subjected to water absorption capacity and folding endurance. The extract was also investigated for its viability using normal keratinocytes cell lines. The physico chemical characterization of the gel was done to reveal the chemical composition using FTIR, XRD and SEM. The GC-MS analysis results clearly indicated that the gel is biocompatible, possessing anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties due to its bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the CH-CL film acts as a good water absorbing material with optimum folding endurance which are the key physical properties of a normal wound healing material. Thus, the study concluded that CH-CL gel has been proven as an efficient, cost-economic wound healing gel and can be applied for various types of wounds and other biomedical applications.
Wound Healing Property of Herbal Dressing Film Using Chitosan and Peel Extracts of Citrus limetta
References:
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The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 24(6), 364–371. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3480[6] Alam, M. K., Alqhtani, N. R., Alnufaiy, B., Alqahtani, A. S., Elsahn, N. A., Russo, D., Di Blasio, M., Cicciù, M., & Minervini, G., 2024, A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of resveratrol on oral cancer: potential therapeutic implications. BMC Oral Health, 24(1), 412. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04045-8.[7] Yadalam, P. K., Arumuganainar, D., Ronsivalle, V., Di Blasio, M., Badnjevic, A., Marrapodi, M. M., Cervino, G., & Minervini, G., 2024, Prediction of interactomic hub genes in PBMC cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and periodontitis. BMC Oral Health, 24(1), 385. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04041-y.[8] Feng, P., Luo, Y., Ke C., Qiu, H., Wang, W., Zhu, Y., Hou, R., Xu, L ., Wu, S., 2021, Chitosan-Based Functional Materials for Skin Wound Repair: Mechanisms and Applications. 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Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 4(9):789-795.[23] Masson-Meyers, DS., Andrade, TAM., Caetano, GF., Guimaraes, FR., Leite, MN., Leite , SN., Frade, MAC., Experimental models and methods for cutaneous wound healing assessment. International Journal of Experimental Pathology. 2020 Feb;101(1-2):21-37. doi: 10.1111/iep.12346.[24] Bertelli, A., Biagi, M., Corsini, M., Baini, G., Cappellucci, G., Miraldi, E., 2021, Polyphenols: From Theory to Practice. Foods 10(11),2595. doi: 10.3390/foods10112595. PMID: 34828876; PMCID: PMC8621732.Viewed PDF 13 5 -
Novel Bonegraft Composite using Hydroxyapatite, Egg-Shell Powder and Chitosan Fortified with Terminalia chebulaAuthor: Srividya SeshadriDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art011
Novel Bonegraft Composite using Hydroxyapatite, Egg-Shell Powder and Chitosan Fortified with Terminalia chebula
Abstract:
Allogeneic bone grafts are considered to be an integral part of implant dentistry. These grafts have rich osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity and osteogencity and can act as a substrate material to fill the defects on bone surfaces and can augment bone fracture and tooth fracture healing. Based on such principles, this current study fabricated a novel graft composite for bone using egg shell powder (ESP), Hydroxyapatite (HA), Chitosan (CH) and Aqueous extract of fruits of Terminalia chebula (TC). The prepared new bone graft (ESP-HA-CH-Tc) was analyzed using various physico-chemical characterization techniques like FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and SEM to understand the chemical composition, evaluate its surface morphology and stability standard. The aqueous fruit extract of Terminalia chebula (Tc) was analysed for its phytochemical composition by GCMS and invitro pharmacological properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and the biocompatibility of the graft were assessed by cell culture studies in Breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. The incorporation of fruit extract of Terminalia chebula strengthens and augments the ossification property of the graft material and can extend its use in the treatment of fractures and further biomedical applications.
Novel Bonegraft Composite using Hydroxyapatite, Egg-Shell Powder and Chitosan Fortified with Terminalia chebula
References:
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(Conbretaceae) in clinical research, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(3): 244–252[17] Sato, Y., Oketani, H., Singyouchi K., et al., 1997, Extraction and purification of effective antimicrobial constituents of Terminalia chebula Retz. against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 20(4):401–404[18] Cheng, H.Y., Lin, T.C., Yu, K.H., Yang, C.M., and Lin C.C., 2003, Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Terminalia chebula, Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 26(9):1331–1335[19] Gineste, L., Gineste M, Ranz., Ellefterion A., Guilhem, A., Rouquet, N., Frayssinet, P., 1999, Degradation of hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, and fluorhydroxyapatite coatings of dental implants in dogs, Journal of Biomedical Material Research, 48:224-234.[20] Tas Cu, K., Neyt, A., 2000, Synthesis of biomimetic Ca-hydroxyapatite powders at 37ºC in synthetic body fluids, Biomaterials, 21:1429-1438[21] Orlovskii, V. P., Komlev, V. 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P., 2011, In vitro study on biomineralization of biphasic calcium phosphate biocomposite crosslinked with hydrolysable tannins of Terminalia chebula, Bulletin of Material Sciences, 34(3): 589–594.[26] Puertolas, J.A., Vadillo, J.L, Sanchez-Salcedo, S., Nieto, A., Gomez-Barrena, E., Vallet-Regi, M., 2011, Compression behavior of biphasic calcium phosphate-agarose scaffolds for bone regeneration, Acta Biomaterialia, 7:841-847.[27] Moimas, L., Biasotto, M., Di Lenarda, R., Olivo, A., Schmid, C., 2006, Rabbit pilot study on the resorbability of three-dimensional bioactive glass fibre scaffolds. 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Application to cyclosporin A, International Journal of Pharmceutics. 224(1):159-168.[36] Fariza, A.R., Zuraida, A., Sopyan, I., 2010, Egg Yolk as Pore Creating Agent for Porous Tri-Calcium Phosphate, International Journal of Engineering and Science, 1:1-6.[37] Murdock, N., Gupta, CR., Vega, N., Kotora, K., Miller, J., et al.,2016, Evaluation of Terminalia chebula Extract for Anti-Arthritic Efficacy and Safety in Osteoarthritic Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 7: 290. doi:10.4172/2157-7579.1000290.Viewed PDF 15 3 -
Molecular Mechanisms to Identify Anticancer Activity of Tomentin in A549 Lung Adeno Carcinoma Cells: Role of p53/Caspase-Mediated PathwaysAuthor: Vishnu Priya VeeraraghavanDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art012
Molecular Mechanisms to Identify Anticancer Activity of Tomentin in A549 Lung Adeno Carcinoma Cells: Role of p53/Caspase-Mediated Pathways
Abstract:
Cancer, a multifaceted disease with increasing prevalence, remains a significant global health concern. Lung cancer, in particular, presents a formidable challenge due to its high mortality rates. Tomentin, a phytochemical extracted from Sphaeralcea angustifolia, has garnered interest for its potential anti-cancer properties. This study employs both in vitro and in silico methods to elucidate tomentin's efficacy against lung cancer, focusing on the A549 cell line, a model for lung adenocarcinoma. The study begins by exploring the cytotoxic effects of tomentin on A549 cells through viability assays, apoptosis induction, and molecular pathway modulation. Results indicate dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of apoptotic pathways by tomentin treatment. Further analysis reveals tomentin's ability to scavenge DPPH radicals and inhibit protein denaturation, suggesting potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, mRNA expression analysis demonstrates tomentin's regulatory effects on key genes involved in inflammation and apoptosis. Molecular docking studies reveal strong binding affinity between tomentin and critical proteins implicated in cancer progression, including MCL1, p53, Bcl-2, and Caspases.
Molecular Mechanisms to Identify Anticancer Activity of Tomentin in A549 Lung Adeno Carcinoma Cells: Role of p53/Caspase-Mediated Pathways
References:
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Studies on Anti-inflammatory and Anti-diabetic Potential of Andrographolide: Evidence from an In vitro, In silico and In vivo StudyAuthor: Selvaraj JayaramanDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art013
Studies on Anti-inflammatory and Anti-diabetic Potential of Andrographolide: Evidence from an In vitro, In silico and In vivo Study
Abstract:
Insulin function and sensitivity are compromised in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) due to various factors causing cellular stress and inflammation. With the increasing recognition of inflammation's role in both T1DM and T2DM, anti-inflammatory strategies are gaining importance in disease management. This study investigates the relationship between andrographolide and the enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase to elucidate its antidiabetic benefits. The study also evaluates andrographolide's ability to inhibit protein denaturation and examines its effects on the liver of T2DM rats through histological analysis. Methods included in vitro antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity assessments using α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and protein denaturation inhibition methods. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue from streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type-2 diabetic rats was conducted. In silico docking analysis was performed to confirm the binding affinity of andrographolide with pro-inflammatory signaling molecules. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results indicated that molecular docking showed a good binding affinity with selected protein targets, attesting to andrographolide's powerful anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. Histological analysis demonstrated that andrographolide could restore the hepatic architecture of diabetic livers. The in silico study further demonstrated high binding affinity against protein targets related to inflammatory and insulin signaling pathways. In conclusion, andrographolide may provide a promising basis for developing novel treatments and identifying critically needed pharmaceutical targets to address inflammation-related clinical problems in diabetes.
Studies on Anti-inflammatory and Anti-diabetic Potential of Andrographolide: Evidence from an In vitro, In silico and In vivo Study
References:
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Fabrication and Characterization of a Novel Dental Filling Herbal Composite Using Biphasic Calcium Phosphate and Leaf Extracts of Cassia occidentalisAuthor: Sridevi GopathyDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art014
Fabrication and Characterization of a Novel Dental Filling Herbal Composite Using Biphasic Calcium Phosphate and Leaf Extracts of Cassia occidentalis
Abstract:
In the field of Biomedicine, allogeneic grafts that possess excellent biocompatibility and immuno-compatibility play a major role in the treatment of untreated dental bone defects. Filling these defects with bone substitute material prevents resorption of bone, preserves the alveolar ridge, and provides sufficient bone for immediate or subsequent implant placement. In this regard, the present study focused on the fabrication of a novel herbal bone graft material rich in biopolymers and phytochemicals was used as bone graft. The bone graft material was synthesized using biphasic calcium phosphate, casein, chitosan and ethanolic leaf extracts of Cassia Occidentalis. The prepared bone graft was subjected to various characterizations like FTIR, X-ray diffraction, thermos-gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy to show its chemical composition, surface morphology, stability, mechanical strength to show its chemical composition, stability and porosity and GCMS analysis, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory activity to reveal its bioactive components. Results revealed that the prepared bone graft of Cassia Occidentalis showed excellent osteogenic and can be well suggested for various biomedical applications like orthopedics, dental fillings, bone tissue engineering and in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also replaces the use of autogenous graft with high biocompatibility and osteogenesis.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Novel Dental Filling Herbal Composite Using Biphasic Calcium Phosphate and Leaf Extracts of Cassia occidentalis
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Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential of Ethyl Iso-allocholate is Mediated Through Insulin Receptor/IRS-1/Akt/GLUT 4 Mediated Pathways: In vitro and In Silico MechanismsAuthor: Vishnu Priya VeeraraghavanDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art015
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential of Ethyl Iso-allocholate is Mediated Through Insulin Receptor/IRS-1/Akt/GLUT 4 Mediated Pathways: In vitro and In Silico Mechanisms
Abstract:
Ethyl iso-allocholate (EIA) has emerged as a compound of interest due to its potential antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of EIA through a combination of in vitro assays and in silico analysis. The antioxidant activity of EIA was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. EIA demonstrated significant antioxidant activity with inhibition percentages of 29% at 100μg, increasing to 88% at 500μg, compared to Vitamin C, the standard antioxidant, which showed 41% and 95% inhibition, respectively. In terms of antidiabetic potential, EIA’s efficacy was evaluated through alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assays. EIA exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of alpha-amylase, with a maximum inhibition of 71.3% at 50μg, compared to 96% by acarbose, a standard antidiabetic agent. Similarly, in the alpha-glucosidase assay, EIA showed up to 70.25% inhibition at 50μg, while acarbose achieved 95.7%. The cytotoxicity of EIA was assessed in 3T3-L1 cells over 48 hours, indicating a favorable safety profile. Additionally, Real-time PCR analysis revealed that EIA positively modulated the expression of key insulin signaling components (IR, IRS1, Akt, PI3K, and GLUT4) in 3T3-L1 cells. In silico molecular docking studies further supported these findings, showing strong binding affinities of EIA with insulin receptor (IR), IRS1, Akt, GLUT4, and PI3K, with the highest binding affinity observed with GLUT4 (-8.5 kcal/mol) and PI3K (-8.8 kcal/mol). These results suggest that EIA could be a promising candidate for further research into its therapeutic potential for diabetes and oxidative stress management.
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential of Ethyl Iso-allocholate is Mediated Through Insulin Receptor/IRS-1/Akt/GLUT 4 Mediated Pathways: In vitro and In Silico Mechanisms
References:
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Molecular and Epigenetic Studies on the Effect of Hesperidin on IRS-1/Akt/GLUT4 Signaling Molecules in the Gastrocnemius Muscle of Streptozotocin-induced Type-2 Diabetic RatsAuthor: Selvaraj JayaramanDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.SE.24.03.Art016
Molecular and Epigenetic Studies on the Effect of Hesperidin on IRS-1/Akt/GLUT4 Signaling Molecules in the Gastrocnemius Muscle of Streptozotocin-induced Type-2 Diabetic Rats
Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health issue, affecting 425 million people worldwide, with projections estimating an increase to 629 million by 2045. The need for potent pharmacological agents is urgent, as current oral hypoglycemic drugs have adverse side effects. Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid with anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties, offers promise as a natural therapeutic option. This study aimed to evaluate hesperidin's molecular and epigenetic effects on insulin signal transduction in the gastrocnemius muscle of STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Methods involved dividing fully-grown male Wistar rats into five groups: Healthy control, STZ-induced diabetic, Diabetes+Hesperidin (100mg/kg), Diabetes+Metformin (50mg/kg), and Control+Hesperidin. At the experiment's conclusion, blood samples and gastrocnemius muscle tissues were collected to measure fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress markers, and histopathological and mRNA expression of insulin signalling molecules. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, with significance set at p<0.05. Results indicated that STZ-induced diabetic rats exhibited significant increases in hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress markers, along with reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Histopathological analysis revealed reduced muscle fibres and disrupted skeletal fibres. Additionally, mRNA expression of IRS-1, Akt, and GLUT 4 was significantly reduced. Remarkably, hesperidin treatment normalized these altered parameters. In conclusion, hesperidin effectively regulates insulin signalling in skeletal muscle, reducing diabetic risk. Thus, hesperidin shows potential as a therapeutic candidate for treating type 2 diabetes and its associated complications.
Molecular and Epigenetic Studies on the Effect of Hesperidin on IRS-1/Akt/GLUT4 Signaling Molecules in the Gastrocnemius Muscle of Streptozotocin-induced Type-2 Diabetic Rats
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