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Job Satisfaction and Quality of Healthcare Delivery: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ogun State Hospitals Management Board, NigeriaAuthor: Ahmed Babatunde JimohDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art001
Job Satisfaction and Quality of Healthcare Delivery: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ogun State Hospitals Management Board, Nigeria
Abstract:
Job satisfaction is vitally necessary in the daily life of the workforce, and the essential elements, materials and mechanism that drives job satisfaction demand great attention. At present, the situation of healthcare workers in the employment of Ogun State Hospitals Management Board, Nigeria, seems to be less satisfied with the policies of the healthcare institutions. The study examined job satisfaction and the quality of healthcare delivery in Ogun State Hospitals Management Board (HMB) in Nigeria. This study adopted a cross-sectional design method and was conducted among the healthcare professionals in the study area. A total of 729 copies of a well-structured questionnaire were administered using a multi-staged sampling technique to obtain information from all the available healthcare professionals in the study area. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings of this study revealed that 12.5 % of healthcare professionals in Ogun State Hospitals strongly agreed, 21.9% moderately, and 32% slightly agreed with the level of satisfaction of the leadership and management styles. 25.7% of the healthcare professionals disagreed (7.4% strongly, 4.0% moderately and 14.3% slightly) that they would recommend employment in the study area. The results further revealed that 47.9% of healthcare workers had a low level of job satisfaction that could lead to many factors. In addendum, 43.6% of the respondents believed that the healthcare delivery was not low but with moderate quality. The study concluded that majority of the healthcare workers had low level of job satisfaction. The quality of healthcare delivery is of medium quality. Finally, this study recommends that there should be an establishment of health and life insurance for health workers; improved health infrastructures; conducive work environment and working conditions; job security; regular and continuous training of healthcare professionals; and attractive rewards and compensation.
Keywords: Job satisfaction, Management Board, Nigeria, Ogun State Hospitals, Quality of healthcare delivery.Job Satisfaction and Quality of Healthcare Delivery: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ogun State Hospitals Management Board, Nigeria
References:
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[5] Mulugeta, M.M., and Ayele, G.B., 2015, Factors associated to job satisfaction among healthcare workers at public hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study. Science Journal of Public Health, 3(2), 161-167.
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[7] Ayele, G., Negga, B., Gudina, E.A., and Yadeta, D., 2015, Job satisfaction and associated factors among health care providers at public health institutions in Harari region, eastern Ethiopia: a cross‑sectional study. BMC Res Notes, 8, 1-7. DOI 10.1186/s13104-015-1368-5.
[8] Ayamolowo, S.J., Irinloye, O., and Oladoyin, M.O., 2013, Job Satisfaction and Work Environment of Primary Health Care Nurses in Ekiti State, Nigeria: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 6 (3), 531-542.
[9] Raja, M.A., and Faraz, A.W., 2013, Factors influencing job satisfaction in public healthcare sector of Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research Administration and Management, 13(8), 60-66.
[10] Adeniran, A.A., Oluwole, E.O., and Ojo, O.Y., 2021, Job satisfaction and intention of primary health care workers to leave: A cross-sectional study in local government area in Lagos, Nigeria. Global Journal of Health Science, 13(4),138. DOI:10.5539/gjhs.v13n4p138-149.
[11] Okeke, H.C., Bassey, P., Oduwole, O.A., and Adindu, A., 2020, Client characteristics and satisfaction with the quality of primary health-care services in Calabar, Nigeria. Calabar Journal of Health Sciences, 3(1), 1-8.
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[20] Gyang, M.D., Dankyau, M., Gidado, S., Gyang, B.A., and Madaki, A.J.K., 2018, Job satisfaction among healthcare workers at a district hospital in Plateau State, Nigeria. Journal of Medicine in the Tropics, 20(2), 111-116. DOI: 10.4103/jomt.jomt_11_18.
[21] Chirdan, O.O, Akosu, J.T., Ejembi, C.L., Bassi, A.P, and Zoakah, A.I., 2009, Perceptions of working conditions amongst health workers in state-owned facilities in Northeastern Nigeria. Ann AfrMed., 8(4), 243-9. DOI: 10.4103/1596-3519.59579.
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Factors Affecting Uptake of Covid 19 Vaccines – A Case of Mbala District, Northern ZambiaAuthor: Daniel SinkalaDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art002
Factors Affecting Uptake of Covid 19 Vaccines – A Case of Mbala District, Northern Zambia
Abstract:
The desire to control Covid 19 pandemic has continued to exist in the Mbala district of Zambia, with the latest trend showing a significant increase in a number of people testing positive, with a corresponding increase in vaccines (AZ, JJ) hesitancy resulting in a low (2.8 %) vaccination rate in the district. Thus, the need to probe further on covert factors under acceptability (myths, AEFs) and accessibility (vaccines availability, adequacy of vaccination sites) that could be reducing Covid 19 vaccine uptake in Mbala district. The study used a cross-sectional survey, a mixed (quantitative & qualitative) method in eliciting information from data sources covering a period of six months (April – September 2021). In all, 341 research respondents were interviewed through self-administered questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression under SPSS v16. Study findings provide sufficient evidence that high myth (89.8%) reduced acceptability levels, while a low number of vaccination sites (59%) reduced accessibility, resulting in a low uptake rate in Mbala district. Therefore, the study recommended; building up of well-financed District Covid 19 task forces with educational aims on acceptability and accessibility, Governments to introduce specific funding lines for Covid 19 vaccination campaign and enshrine it into monthly grants for routine-outreach Covid 19 vaccination services, and Local Governments through the directorate of Public Health to introduce by-laws on mandatory Covid 19 vaccination passports for the public. With proper implementation of all these study recommendations, Covid 19 vaccination coverage rates can increase drastically across all districts of northern Zambia.
Keywords: Acceptability, Accessibility, AEFs, Adequacy, Availability, Covid 19 vaccines, Myth.Factors Affecting Uptake of Covid 19 Vaccines – A Case of Mbala District, Northern Zambia
References:
[1] Mbala HIMS. (2021). District Health Information Management System. Mbala district health office.
[2] Luca Steardo, Luca Steardo Jr. Et al. (2020). Neuroinfection may contribute to the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of COVID‐19: PMC, Public Health Emergency. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2020 Apr 11: e13473. Doi: 10.1111/apha.13473 [Epub ahead of print].
[3] Guan W-j, Ni Z-y, et al. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine: NEJMoa2002032-NEJMoa. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2002032.
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[7] Chirumbolo. S. (2021). Vaccination hesitancy and the “myth” on mRNA-based vaccines in Italy in the COVID-19 era: Does urgency meet major safety criteria? Journal of Medical Virology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26922.
[8] Melissa Couto Zuber. (2021). How J&J and AstraZeneca differ from the mRNA vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna. The Canadian Press. https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/how-j-j-and-astrazeneca-differ-from-the-mrna-vaccines-from-pfizer-and-moderna-1.1589765.
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[18] Hassoun N. (2021). How to make “immunity passports” more ethical. Scientific American. www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-make-immunity-passports-more-ethical.
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[21] Sinkala. D. (2021). Factors associated with the distribution of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia among Rural and Urban Women in Childbearing Age – A case of Mbala General Hospital, Northern Province, Zambia. Texila International Journal of Public Health. DOI No. 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.03. Art008. https://www.texilajournal.com/public-health/article/1912-factors-associated-with.
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The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Community-based Mental Health Services in Northern Nigeria: Prospects and ChallengesAuthor: Anyebe, E.EDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art003
The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Community-based Mental Health Services in Northern Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges
Abstract:
Despite the role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in many health issues, their role in community mental health services in parts of northern Nigeria is unknown. This study explored the availability and role of NGOs in community-mental health care services, with a view to identifying the prospects and challenges. Using the convergent mixed methods approach, a self-constructed questionnaire and in-depth interviews were used to collect data from 205 conveniently and purposively selected study participants. Descriptive and thematic analyses were done and then triangulated to meet research objectives. There is a scarcity of mental health-related NGOs in the study areas; only one NGO engaged in the mental health activities was identified (13.4%). Surprisingly attempts by the only available NGO at providing the needed community-based mental health care were “frustrated” by certain government policy directions, which appear to paralyse activities and intentions of the only existing one. NGOs for mental health care are lacking. There is a dire need for NGO activities in mental health care. Efforts should be made to attract NGOs to the study areas in view of the increasing burden of mental health issues in the communities in the setting. Governments at all levels, community-based organisations and traditional institutions can be instrumental to this. NGOs within and outside the study areas focusing on community health in general and mental health care, in particular, may also interrogate this situation further for urgent intervention.
Keywords: Community mental health care, Collaboration, NGOs, Northern Nigeria.The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Community-based Mental Health Services in Northern Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges
References:
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Factors Associated with Hand Washing Practices among Secondary School Students in Ndorwa East Constituency in Kabale DistrictAuthor: Twinomuhwezi BenjaDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art004
Factors Associated with Hand Washing Practices among Secondary School Students in Ndorwa East Constituency in Kabale District
Abstract:
Despite the worldwide Global Hand Washing Day campaign, which targets school children as the most effective agents for behaviour change, there is limited documentation in various school settings. The purpose of the study was to assess the factors associated with hand washing practices among secondary school students in Ndorwa East Constituency in the Kabale district. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data from a sample of 291 students from five schools. Results: Of the 291 respondents enrolled, 219(77%) washed their hands after the rest room. Factors associated with a higher likelihood of hand washing practice among secondary school students in Ndorwa East Constituency–Kabale District were being aged <18 years (aOR =8.1, 95%CI: 2.65-21.61, p<0.001), presence of water for hand washing (aOR =50.7,95%CI:11.50-309.38,p<0.001), presence of hand washing stations (aOR=7.3,95%CI:2.72-30.37, p<0.001), and cleanliness of hand washing stations (aOR=70.0,95%CI:10.44-605.6, p<0.001). The factors associated with hand washing practices were presence of water for hand washing, the presence of hand washing stations in schools, cleanliness of hand washing stations. The study suggests that the school administrators should sensitize all students to continue practicing washing hands. This would help in preventing students from diseases associated with poor hand hygiene practices.
Keywords: Hand washing, Knowledge, Secondary school.Factors Associated with Hand Washing Practices among Secondary School Students in Ndorwa East Constituency in Kabale District
References:
[1] UNICEF, 2016. One is too many: Ending child deaths from pneumonia and diarrhea.
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Healthcare Providers in Africa Face HIV and AIDS Challenges in Providing Services to a Key Population: Infant and Young Child FeedingAuthor: Nebiyu Lera AlaroDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art005
Healthcare Providers in Africa Face HIV and AIDS Challenges in Providing Services to a Key Population: Infant and Young Child Feeding
Abstract:
There is agreement on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and the introduction of appropriate complementary foods at 6 months, followed by continued breastfeeding, for all infants. However, infant, and young child feeding (IYCF) guidelines for HIV-positive mothers have changed on a regular basis since 2000. Considering new HIV treatment guidelines, implementation challenges, and knowledge gaps, this article investigates issues and Evidence related to IYCF for the prevention and care of paediatric HIV in resource-limited settings. The effectiveness of antiretroviral medications (ARVs) in decreasing the incidence of HIV transmission from mother to child prompted WHO to urge countries to support either avoidance or treatment. Significant progress has been made in terms of preserving the lives of moms but also decreasing the spread of HIV among children, but long-term political, financial, and scientific commitment is essential for ensuring effective postnatal HIV prevention programs and providing for the nutritional requirements of HIV-exposed and HIV-infected infants.
Keywords: Anti-retroviral drugs, Breastfeeding, HIV, Infant feeding options, Mother-to-child transmission prevention, Resource-limited settings.Healthcare Providers in Africa Face HIV and AIDS Challenges in Providing Services to a Key Population: Infant and Young Child Feeding
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Influence of Community-Based Interventions on Routine Immunization Uptake among Children Under Five Years in Ntungamo District-UgandaAuthor: Byamukama TopherDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art006
Influence of Community-Based Interventions on Routine Immunization Uptake among Children Under Five Years in Ntungamo District-Uganda
Abstract:
Evidence of the effectiveness of community-based interventions in improving immunization coverage in populations of low coverage is limited. Vaccine-preventable diseases is a major public health challenge in low-income countries where Uganda lies, and immunization is the only reliable strategy for child survival. The study's objective was to assess the influence of a community-based intervention on the uptake of immunization services to recommend strategies to health stakeholders to improve immunization coverage. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in three phases. Structured and key informant interviews were used as data collection tools. Phase one provided baseline data before the intervention, the second phase was a community-based intervention, and the third phase was post-intervention evaluation. There was no significant difference on the uptake of BCG, POLIO-0, POLIO-1, POLIO-2, DPTHeP-Hib1, DPTHeP-Hib2, PCV1 and PCV2 immunizations between the intervention and control group post-intervention (P= 1.00, α =0.5). The level of knowledge on immunization was 68.8% and 29.6% in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The difference between the two was statistically significant (P=0.00 = α= 0.5). There was a significant association between the level of knowledge of the caregivers on immunization and the uptake of immunization services (P=0.00, α=0.5). There was also a statistically significant difference in immunization coverage between the intervention and control groups (97.5%) and (75.1%) for the intervention and control groups, respectively. The difference was statistically associated with the community-based intervention (P =0.00, α=0.5). Community-based interventions influenced the uptake of routine immunization services.
Keywords: Community, Caregivers, Intervention, Immunization, Uptake.Influence of Community-Based Interventions on Routine Immunization Uptake among Children Under Five Years in Ntungamo District-Uganda
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Different Modalities to Assess Right Ventricular Function in Post-COVID Taking ST-Elevation as a Gold Standard and Arrhythmias in Post-COVIDAuthor: Ritesh KhandelwalDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art007
Different Modalities to Assess Right Ventricular Function in Post-COVID Taking ST-Elevation as a Gold Standard and Arrhythmias in Post-COVID
Abstract:
The COVID-19 caused by novel single-stranded RNA enveloped severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) first appeared in Wuhan, China. A lot of focus has been given to pulmonary complications. According to several case reports, cardiovascular associated clinical manifestations include myocarditis, arrhythmias, veno-thromboembolic events, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and pericarditis. Different modalities in diagnosis like 2D, doppler can help in the early diagnosis of right ventricular function. This study evaluates the cardiac changes in recovered COVID-19 positive patients by 2D echocardiogram and other modalities. In this prospective observational study, 139 participants recently recovered from COVID-19 illness were identified and recruited after obtaining the Informed concerned form (ICF). The patients once enrolled were subjected to 2D echo and ECG as part of routine clinical practice. Out of 139 patients, 89 (64.03%) were males, and the rest were females. Based on the severity scale, 13 (9.35%) participants had suffered a severe form of COVID-19 infection. Right ventricular functional assessment, right ventricular global strain (RVGLS) was abnormal in 72 (51.80%) participants. Arrhythmias were reported in 31 (22.30%) participants; among them, 30 participants had sinus bradycardia. Our study demonstrates the association between COVID-19 and cardiac changes/ incidence of cardiovascular complications in recovered COVID-19 patients. This study provides first-hand evidence of the incidence of abnormal LVGLS and RVGLS in COVID-19 recovered patients. In addition, there was a higher incidence of arrythmias.
Keywords: Cardiovascular outcomes, Post-COVID, Right ventricular function, ST elevation, 2D echocardiography.Different Modalities to Assess Right Ventricular Function in Post-COVID Taking ST-Elevation as a Gold Standard and Arrhythmias in Post-COVID
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Factors Associated with Uptake of Immunizations for Vaccine-Preventable Childhood Diseases in a Peri-Urban Settlement; A Case Study of Nansana Municipality, UgandaAuthor: Amos KijjambuDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art008
Factors Associated with Uptake of Immunizations for Vaccine-Preventable Childhood Diseases in a Peri-Urban Settlement; A Case Study of Nansana Municipality, Uganda
Abstract:
Immunization uptake for childhood vaccine-preventable diseases remains low in urban areas of Uganda, leading to repeated outbreaks of diseases like measles, despite easy communication and accessibility to services. The objectives of this study were to establish immunization coverage and to identify the factors that affect the uptake of immunization among the children aged 10 – 23 months in Nansana Municipality, Wakiso District, Uganda. This was a cross-sectional mixed methods study, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Assessment of immunization uptake was carried out on 344 parents/guardians of children aged 10–23 months, using simple random sampling on pre-tested structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. Additionally, 2 focus group discussions with parents and key informant interviews with immunization focal persons were also conducted. Immunization coverage was found to be 90.4% for BCG, 89.3% for Penta1, 80.7% for Penta2, 72.5% for Penta3 and 73.9% for measles1. Availability of vaccines (AOR= 33, 95% CI, 1.44 – 792, p=0.03), accessibility to immunization services (AOR = 32, 95% CI, 2.0 – 513, p=0.01) and communication between the parents and health workers about the return dates (AOR = 0.03, 95% CI, 0.01 – 0.83, p=0.03), were the factors that were independently associated with immunization uptake. The coverage rates were higher than the national average, with the health care service-related factors identified as being critical for improving immunization uptake. There is a need for improved vaccine supply and communication about immunization services, which should be designed considering the local context in collaboration with slum-dwelling communities.
Keywords: Childhood, Immunization, Uptake, Urban.Factors Associated with Uptake of Immunizations for Vaccine-Preventable Childhood Diseases in a Peri-Urban Settlement; A Case Study of Nansana Municipality, Uganda
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Dynamic Panel Surveillance of COVID-19 Transmission in the United States to Inform Health Policy: Observational Statistical Study – A Critical Review of ArticleAuthor: N.P. Sithole SibandaDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art009
Dynamic Panel Surveillance of COVID-19 Transmission in the United States to Inform Health Policy: Observational Statistical Study – A Critical Review of Article
Abstract:
This is a critical appraisal of a manuscript outlining additional indicators used in the United States to augment traditional disease surveillance tools. The article went through the peer-review process. Therefore, it may be considered as objective and unbiased. The structure of the article is coherent, and it was published in a journal for digital medicine, health, and health care in the internet age. The article has contributed to the literature and provides a basis for strengthening existing surveillance systems to improve public health outcomes. However, it is suggested that whenever new indicators are being developed, their essential components must be fully defined.
Keywords: Covid-19, Surveillance, United States.Dynamic Panel Surveillance of COVID-19 Transmission in the United States to Inform Health Policy: Observational Statistical Study – A Critical Review of Article
References:
[1] Oehmeke, J.F, Moss, C.B, Singh, L.N, Oehmeke, T.B, Post, LA. (2020). ‘Dynamic Panel Surveillance of COVID-19 Transmission I, the United States, to Inform Health Policy: Observational Statistical Study’, Journal of Medical Internet Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79794.
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Assessment of an Educational Intervention on the Perception of Adolescent Girls towards Menstrual Hygiene in Ogun State, NigeriaAuthor: Ugochinyere Chinasa EkeanyanwuDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art010
Assessment of an Educational Intervention on the Perception of Adolescent Girls towards Menstrual Hygiene in Ogun State, Nigeria
Abstract:
In low and middle-income countries, menstruation is impeded by several misconceptions, taboos and shrouded in secrecy. This serves as a major challenge to proper Education regarding menstrual hygiene and has blocked the access of adolescent girls to the right kind of information, thereby influencing a negative outcome associated with harmful behaviours. The objective of the study was to investigate the assessment of an educational intervention on the perception of adolescent girls towards menstrual hygiene in Ogun state, Nigeria. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design. One hundred and twenty (120) in-school adolescent girls were selected through a multistage sampling technique from four (4) secondary schools within four (4) local government areas in Ogun State, Nigeria. A validated 23-items questionnaire measured on a 69-point rating scale with a Cronbach Alpha scores 0.79 was used for data collection. The mean ±SD age and age at menarche of adolescent girls was 14.92±1.82; 12.73±1.38. The majority of respondents had low scores of perceptions. The educational intervention had an effective change in the level of perception of adolescent schoolgirls between baseline and the 6th-week follow-up, indicating a mean difference of 26.70 (p<0.01) for the peer-led, 26.54(p<0.01) parent-led, 20.16(p<0.01) parent and peer-led and a decrease in mean in the control group (-0.17; p=0.866). The peer-led educational approach had a better impact on adolescent girls’ perception compared to other educational approaches. Hence, this is an indication that peer-education strategies should be utilized for further interventions and in reaching out to adolescents.
Keywords: Adolescent girls, educational intervention, Menstrual Hygiene, Parent-led, Peer-led, Perception.Assessment of an Educational Intervention on the Perception of Adolescent Girls towards Menstrual Hygiene in Ogun State, Nigeria
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Anaemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Kyenjojo and Kole Districts in Uganda: Prevalence and Associated FactorsAuthor: James SsekitoolekoDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art011
Anaemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Kyenjojo and Kole Districts in Uganda: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Abstract:
Anemia during pregnancy is a major public health problem, with a global prevalence of 41.8%. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Information on the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women in the study area is limited. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in Kyenjojo and Kole Districts, Uganda. Cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected pregnant women. Quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire that captured demographic and obstetric characteristics. Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was determined using HemoCue 201+. The study outcome was the prevalence of anaemia (Hb <11 g/dl). Chi-square, odds ratio, and logistic regression were used to test for associations. Of the total 760 pregnant women who participated in this study, 20.1% were anaemic. The prevalence varied from 13.4% in Kyenjojo to 26.9% in Kole District. Of 153 anaemic women, 121 (97%) were mildly anaemic, 27 (18%) moderately anemic, and 5(3%) severely anemic. Malaria infection [AOR: 0.46, 95% CI (0.26 – 0.83)], primigravida [AOR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29-0.93], and residing in Kole [AOR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32-0.76] were significant predictors of low haemoglobin concentration. This study highlighted the high prevalence of anaemia in our settings and the significant association between anaemia and malaria among pregnant women. Therefore, routine screening of pregnant women for anemia, malaria, and other risk factors during their first ANC visit is recommended to identify those at risk and prompt management provided to curb their negative consequences.
Keywords: Antenatal care, Anaemia in pregnancy, Malaria infection, Pregnant women, Uganda.Anaemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Kyenjojo and Kole Districts in Uganda: Prevalence and Associated Factors
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Use of Simple Mobile Technology to Create an Electronic Vaccination Registry in KenyaAuthor: Samuel JumaDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art012
Use of Simple Mobile Technology to Create an Electronic Vaccination Registry in Kenya
Abstract:
Vaccination is one of the high-impact public health interventions against the spread of disease. Over time, developed countries have been able to reduce the burden of disease through improving access to vaccination and achieving high vaccine coverage. In low-income countries, the situation is different as most countries still report low coverages of less than 90%, which is the global target recommended by the World Health Organization. The main reasons for this low coverage include poor access to vaccination, stock-outs, and poor documentation and targeting for vaccination services. To address these problems, we developed an electronic vaccine registry using Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) technology that registered births, vaccines administered and sent short message reminders to mothers about their clinic dates. The study was conducted in Nyandarua County, Kenya, between June 2018 to March 2019. To participate in the study, mothers had to reside within the jurisdiction of the study site. Mothers who moved into the study site also had their children registered and previous vaccines updated. A total of 4,823 births and 20,515 vaccines administered were captured into the system. The system sent 12,554 short message reminders to mothers; 3 days before the due day and on the due day. Additionally, it generated a birth register, vaccination register, defaulter list, dropout rate report, vaccine coverage, and timeliness reports. The intervention improved vaccination coverage and timeliness of vaccination by up to 8.7%.
Keywords: Coverage, Immunization, Registry, Vaccination.Use of Simple Mobile Technology to Create an Electronic Vaccination Registry in Kenya
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Incidence and Prevalence of Hypertension among Inmates in Three Correctional Facilities in Lusaka Province ZambiaAuthor: Himwaaba GiftDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art013
Incidence and Prevalence of Hypertension among Inmates in Three Correctional Facilities in Lusaka Province Zambia
Incidence and Prevalence of Hypertension among Inmates in Three Correctional Facilities in Lusaka Province Zambia
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Cancer Burden in Nigeria; Possibility of a New Hope in a New Political DispensationAuthor: Aisagbonhi Henry OsaroDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art014
Cancer Burden in Nigeria; Possibility of a New Hope in a New Political Dispensation
Abstract:
Nigeria looks forward to the emergence of another political dispensation. National elections are soon to take place with resultant political changes in ministerial leadership positions across the nation at federal, state, and local government levels’ including the ministry of health; however, in this article, the concern was with the general health care in Nigeria and with a focus on the prevailing situation of Cancer health care in Nigeria. Statistics showed that there is a rising global cancer epidemic in Nigeria. The level of Cancer incidence and mortality counts in Nigeria as of 2012 and still counting’ was severely high amongst women– 64709 (63%) and 40647(57%) compared to men 37370(36.6%) and 30924(43%), respectively. The emergence of a new political dispensation in 2023 ushers in a possibility and awakening of new hope in general health care. Therefore, this article highlighted the observed challenges and proffered solutions for the purpose of informed decisions. Based on staff and patient perspective interviews and discussion, the following major aspects, including a critical review of health governing boards, administration, technology, specialty expansion via partnership, quality assurance, health funding, were identified, addressed and solutions proffered.
Keywords: Challenges, Epidemic, Informed Decisions, Ministry of Health, Cancer, Political Dispensation, Proffered Solutions, Patient Satisfaction.Cancer Burden in Nigeria; Possibility of a New Hope in a New Political Dispensation
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Effect of Female Sexual Dysfunction on Self- Esteem of Infertile Women in Osun East Senatorial District Southwest NigeriaAuthor: Orji Ernest OkechukwuDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art015
Effect of Female Sexual Dysfunction on Self- Esteem of Infertile Women in Osun East Senatorial District Southwest Nigeria
Abstract:
This study assessed the effect of sexual Dysfunction on the self-esteem between infertile and fertile married women in Ife East Senatorial district Southwest Nigeria. This was a comparative cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. It was conducted at infertility and family planning clinics of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Using stratified random sampling, 222 infertile women at infertility clinic and 222 family planning clients who met inclusion criteria were recruited from 2020 to 2021. Quantitative data was assessed using the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, while an in-depth interview guide was employed to collect qualitative data. Data were managed using SPSS version 22. P-value was set at P <0.05. Fifty (22.5%) infertile women had low self-esteem compared with five (2.3%) of fertile women. which was statistically significant (P<0.001). Among fertile women, female sexual Dysfunction did not affect self-esteem (P=0.346), but among infertile women, female sexual Dysfunction significantly affected self–esteem (P=0.016). There is a positive relationship between female sexual function index scores and self-esteem scores among fertile and infertile women (r= 0.294 and 0.354 respectively) p<0.001 Sexual dysfunctions among infertile women adversely affected their self-esteem.
Keywords: Female Sexual Dysfunction, Infertile women, Nigeria.Effect of Female Sexual Dysfunction on Self- Esteem of Infertile Women in Osun East Senatorial District Southwest Nigeria
References:
[1] Reed, G.M., Drescher, J., Krueger, R.B., Atalla, E., Cochran, S.D., First, M.B., Cohen‐Kettenis, P.T., Arango‐de Montis, I., Parish, S.J., Cottler, S., Briken, P., Saxena, S., (2016). Disorders related to sexuality and gender identity in the ICD‐11: revising the ICD‐10 classification based on current scientific evidence, best clinical practices, and human rights considerations. World Psychiatry. 15(3): 205–221.
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[13] Ashraf, D.M., Ali, D., Azadeh, D.M., (2015). Effect of infertility on Sexual Function: A Cross-sectional Study, Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR;9(5): Qc01-3.
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Factors Influencing Knowledge and Attitude of Mothers Towards Immunization of Children Under-Five Years in Farato, GambiaAuthor: Lamin KanyiDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art016
Factors Influencing Knowledge and Attitude of Mothers Towards Immunization of Children Under-Five Years in Farato, Gambia
Abstract:
Globally, immunization coverage dropped from 86% in 2019 to 83% in 2020. An estimated 23 million children under one year did not receive basic vaccines, which is the highest number since 2009. Thus, this study aimed at identifying factors influencing the knowledge and attitude of mothers of under-five children towards immunization in Farato, The Gambia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the peri-urban community of Farato. A sample of 132 mothers were conveniently sampled and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies, and proportions were used to present the results of this study. The study revealed a low level of knowledge of mothers towards immunization. About 25% of mothers cannot clearly explain immunization; 23% knew that the first vaccine dose should be administered to a child at birth or soon after, and 60% were found to be unaware if their children were immunized. This indicates that the concept of immunization is not even clear to mothers and also showcased inadequate knowledge. However, 70% highlighted that immunization prevents infections and enhances child survival. Inadequate knowledge about immunization, literacy and education level, occupation of mothers, inadequate information from health workers, and limited information among mothers were major influencing factors to drop-out of immunization uptake. The study suggests that mothers need to be taught what immunization is about and its importance to children. At health facilities and clinic sites, health workers need to continue communicating to mothers on the importance of immunization to enlighten them about immunization.
Keywords: Attitude, Farato, Influencing factors, Knowledge, Mothers, and children under five years.Factors Influencing Knowledge and Attitude of Mothers Towards Immunization of Children Under-Five Years in Farato, Gambia
References:
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[12] Taiwo L, Idris S, Abubakar A, Nguku P, Nsubuga P, Gidado S, Okeke L, Emiasegen S, Waziri E (2017) Factors affecting access to information on routine immunization among mothers of under 5 children in Kaduna State Nigeria, 2015. Pan Afr Med J. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2017.27.186.11191.
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[14] Adisa O, Akinleye Ca, Obafisile C, Oke O (2016) Childhood immunization perception and uptake among mothers of under-five children attending immunization clinics in Osogbo, Southwestern, Nigeria. Res J Health Sci 4:186.
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[17] Sarfaraz M, Athira A, Lakshmi L, Ravilla S, Nadikudi N, Doddayya H (2017) Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Perception Among Mothers Towards Immunization in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. Int J Community Med Public Health 4:3429–3435.
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[20] Touray E, Barrow A, Kinteh B, Badjie M, Nget M, Touray J, Kinteh SLS, Jatta SPS, Ceesay L (2021) Childhood vaccination uptake and associated factors among children 12–23 months in rural settings of the Gambia: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 21:1740.
[21] Abatan B, Agboghoroma O, Akemoke F, et al (2021) Intense and Mild First Epidemic Wave of Coronavirus Disease, The Gambia. Emerg Infect Dis 27:2064–2072.
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[23] Almutairi WM, Alsharif F, Khamis F, Sallam LA, Sharif L, Alsufyani A, Alshulah FN, Alqasimi R (2021) Assessment of Mothers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Childhood Vaccination during the First Five Years of Life in Saudi Arabia. Nurs Rep 11:506–516.
[24] Saso A, Skirrow H, Kampmann B (2020) Impact of COVID-19 on Immunization Services for Maternal and Infant Vaccines: Results of a Survey Conducted by Imprint—The Immunising Pregnant Women and Infants Network. Vaccines 8:556.
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[26] Uwaibi NE, Akhimienho IK (2020) Assessment of knowledge and practice of childhood routine immunization among mothers/caregivers attending primary health care centres in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. J Appl Sci Environ Manag 24:1703–1710.
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[29] Gambia Bureau of Statistics (2013) Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2013.
[30] Gambia Bureau of Statistics (2019) The Gambia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2018, Survey Findings Report. Banjul, The Gambia. https://www.unicef.org/gambia/media/776/file/The%20Gambia%20Multiple%20Indicator%20Cluster%20Survey%202018.pdf/Accessed 16 Aug 2020.
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Malaria Prevalence and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending their First Antenatal Care in Kole and Kyenjojo Districts in UgandaAuthor: James SsekitoolekoDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art017
Malaria Prevalence and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending their First Antenatal Care in Kole and Kyenjojo Districts in Uganda
Abstract:
Malaria during pregnancy has negative consequences to both the mother and fetus. In 2019, there were an estimated 33million pregnancies globally, of which 35% were exposed to malaria in Africa. To avert the consequences, the Uganda Ministry of Health is implementing approaches for effective prevention with intermittent preventive treatment, use Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITN), prompt diagnosis, and treatment through antenatal care (ANC). This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among pregnant women attending their first ANC visit in Kole and Kyenjojo Districts in Uganda. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 760 randomly selected pregnant women. Quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire to gather participants’ demographic, obstetric, coverage, and use of malaria preventive methods and laboratory results on malaria, anaemia, and HIV. Data was analyzed using STATA 15. Chi-square, odds ratio, and logistic regression were used to test for associations. The overall prevalence of malaria was 11.1%, varying from 6.8% in Kyenjojo to 15.3% in Kole District. Most cases were caused by P. falciparum. Factors associated with malaria were age of mother (aOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.21-0.88), residence in Kyenjojo (aOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26-0.88), multiparity (aOR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16-0.91), anaemia (aOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.12-4.00) and ITN non-use (aOR: 6.17, 95% CI: 2.76-13.86). Malaria prevalence was low and varied between districts. Age, gravidity, gestational age, and ITN use had a significant association with malaria. Therefore, early screening and identification of mothers at most risk of complications during pregnancy is needed, plus improving ANC.
Keywords: Antenatal Care, Malaria in Pregnancy, Pregnant Women, Risk Factors, Uganda.Malaria Prevalence and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending their First Antenatal Care in Kole and Kyenjojo Districts in Uganda
References:
[20] Arinaitwe, E, et al., 2013. Intermittent preventive therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for malaria in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study from Tororo, Uganda. Public Library of Science One, 8(9), e73073. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3762885/.
[21] Gontie G.B, Wolde H.F, Baraki A.G., 2020. Prevalence and associated factors of malaria among pregnant women in Sherkole district, Benishangul Gumuz regional state, West Ethiopia. BioMed Central Infectious Diseases. 20:573. Available from: https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-020-05289.
[29] Kwame D.D, et al., 2020. Epidemiology of malaria among pregnant women during their first antenatal clinic visit in the middle belt of Ghana: a cross sectional study. Malaria Journal. 19: 381. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7585211/.
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The Era of Covid-19; Its’ Impact on Cancer Patient Experience in Southwest NigeriaAuthor: Aisagbonhi Henry OsaroDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art018
The Era of Covid-19; Its’ Impact on Cancer Patient Experience in Southwest Nigeria
Abstract:
Patients have developed a well-informed sense of validation concerning maintaining hygiene standards. The pandemic, somehow in disguise, presented the valuable perspective of life reflection and gratitude. The attitude of a majority of patients engaged was immensely that of a deep reflection of the privilege of having access to early diagnosis, treatment, and adequate support. However, the complaints of the past, knowing that they are alive and have hope to keep fighting on with gratitude and sense of acceptance. However, they wished that the experience of the social media – health engagement platform should continue as it provided a good level of the bridge of gap of information. The cost of treatment remains a major concern as it largely translates to possible dropout from treatment courses for most cancer patients who can’t afford the current cost. The concerns of the cancer patients and survivors during and after the covid-19 pandemic are similarly a concern to public health professionals worldwide. The need to aid their return to routine health care services is more important and therefore requires an urgent reorganization of cancer management services. An urgent intervention should be focused on patient re-orientation /pandemic control, staff training and retraining, awareness campaign, screening and result accessibility, special pandemic services, amongst others. The outcome reflected a very huge level of poor cancer patient experience in the public cancer treatment centres, while the reverse is the case with the private cancer treatment centres. This can be managed if an urgent intervention as proffered is implemented.
Keywords: Cancer, Coronavirus, Covid-19, Cancer screening, Cancer treatment, Patient experience.The Era of Covid-19; Its’ Impact on Cancer Patient Experience in Southwest Nigeria
References:
[1] World health organization 2020. WHO coronavirus disease (covid-19) dashboard. https://covid-19.who.int/ Accessed Aug. 21, 2021.
[2] Dong Shuang, Luo Chenggang, Hu Xuebo, Zhang Jing, Cai Qian, Qian Yu, Ran Fengming, Ou Wuling, Wang Jun, Huang Qing, Ren Tianhua, Han Guang, Zhang Feng, Wei Wei, Liang Xinjun, Xu Huiting, Wang Sheng, Shi Lulu, Wei Shaozhong, Hu Sheng. (2020). Expert Consensus for Treating Cancer Patients During the Pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. Frontiers in Oncology. 10, 2020;1555. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/.2020.01555 Doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01555.
[3] Coronado, A.C.; Tran, K.; Chadder, J.; Niu, J.; Fung, S.; Louzado, C.; Rahal, R. in collaboration with the System Performance Steering Committee and the Technical Working Group (2017). The Experience of Patients with Cancer during Diagnosis and Treatment Planning: A Descriptive Study of Canadian Survey Results. Curr. Oncol. 2017, 24, 332-337. https://doi.org/10.3747/co.24.
[4] Bailey C, Black JRM, Swanton C. (2020). Cancer Research: The Lessons to Learn from COVID-19. Cancer Discov. 2020 Sep;10(9):1263-1266. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0823. Epub 2020 Jul 15. PMID: 32669285.
[5] Franz Geisslinger, Angelika M. Vollmar and Karin Bartel. (2020). Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13, 143; doi:10.3390/ph13070143.
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[6] Kaufman HW, Chen Z, Niles J, Fesko Y (2020). Changes in the Number of US Patients with Newly Identified Cancer Before and During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8): e2017267.
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[11] Zhaoya Gao, Yong Yang, Changmin Dmg, pengfei niu, wenshang huang, fuming lei, jin gu, (2020). Oncologist perspective: when Cancer encounters COVID-19. The oncologist 2020:25:25:61423.
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[13] Kristof Nemeth, Loannis Nikolopoulos, Ali Reza Mani, (2020). Scooping review on the prevalence of Cancer in COVID-19 Patients. BJS 2020; 107: e456-e457.
[14] Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang, (2020). Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus infected Pneumonia in Wuhan China JAMA 2020; 323: 1061 -1069.
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[19] Beddoe AM. (2019). Elimination of cervical cancer: challenges for developing countries. E. cancer medical science. 2019:13:975.
[20] Henry A. O and Mgbeafuluba I. C. (2018). Awareness and Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening and Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination (HPV) Uptake among Female Staff in Private Tertiary Hospital in Lagos Nigeria Texila International Journal of Public Health Volume 6, Issue 1, Feb 2018.
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Female Sexual Dysfunction before and after Diagnosis of InfertilityAuthor: Orji Ernest OkechukwuDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art019
Female Sexual Dysfunction before and after Diagnosis of Infertility
Abstract:
This study determined the prevalence, domain, and predictors of sexual dysfunction among 222 infertile women before and after Diagnosis of infertility in Ife East Senatorial district, Nigeria. They were interviewed using interviewer-administered questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index assessment tool. Information about their sexual functions after marriage and before the couple started having difficulty in getting pregnant were obtained and compared with sexual functions after Diagnosis of infertility. Data management was done using SPSS Version22 and STATA 12. The Chi-square test was used to test associations. P-value of was set <0.05. Before infertility diagnosis, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 23.9%. After infertility diagnosis, this increased to 57.2%, P<0.001. The mean scores of female sexual function index for infertile patients were 29.57 ±5.10 before the infertility diagnosis but reduced to 24.42 ± 5.86 after infertility diagnosis P <0.001. The domain scores reduced after Diagnosis of infertility, and it shows statistical significance at P<0.001. Significant predictors at multivariate analysis include increasing maternal age, increasing duration of infertility, Hausa /Fulani tribe, and female genital mutilation. Infertility increases the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction and reduces the domain scores of sexual functions.
Keywords: Dysfunction, Female, Infertility, Sexual.Female Sexual Dysfunction before and after Diagnosis of Infertility
References:
[1] Oberg, K., Fugl-Meyer, A. and Fugl-Meyer, K., 2004. On categorization and quantification of women’s sexual dysfunctions: An epidemiological approach. Int J Impot Res 16, 261–269 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3901151.
[2] Ljungman, L., Lampic, C., Wettergren, L., et al., 2020. Sexual Dysfunction Among Young Adults in Sweden—A Population-Based Observational Study. Sex Med; 8:631–642.
[3] Valadares, A, L., Pinto-Neto, A.M., Osis, M.J., et al., 2008 Prevalence of sexual dysfunction and its associated factors in women aged 40-65 years with 11years or more of formal education: a population-based household survey. Clinics (Sao Paulo); 63(6): 775-782.
[4] Alirezaei, S., Ozgoli, G., Alavi- Majd, H..2018 Evaluation of Factors Associated with Sexual Function in Infertile Women. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility.; J12(2):125-129.
[5] deMendonça, C.R., MatiasNo, J.T., Campol, P.M., do Amaral, W.N.,.2017 Sexual dysfunction in infertile women: A systematic review and meta-analysis European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 215(8):153-163.
[6] Millheiser, L.S., Helmer, A.E., Westphal, LM.; Millki, A.A., Lathii, R.B., 2010. Is an infertility risk factor for female sexual dysfunction? A case-control study. Fertility Sterility;94(6):2022-20025.
[7] Traeen, B., Stigum, H.,2010. Sexual problems in 18-67-year-old Norwegians. Scand J Public Health; 38:445-456.
[8] Gabr, A. A., Omran, E. F., Abdallah, A.A., Kotb, M. M., Farid, E.Z., Dieb, A. S., Belal, D. S.,2017. Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Infertile versus Fertile Couples. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology; 2008.025.
[9] Vahid, R. F., Ayati, S., Mirzaeian, S., Shakeri, M.T., Akhtardel, H.,2009. Fertility Outcome After IVF And Related Factors. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences 11, 3 (31): 42 To 46.
[10] Latif, E.Z. Diamond, M.P., 2013. Arriving at the Diagnosis of female sexual dysfunction. Fertile Sterile; Oct;100(4):898-904.
[11] Fajewonyomi, B. A., Orji, E. O., & Adeyemo, A. O., 2007. Sexual dysfunction among female patients of reproductive age in a hospital setting in Nigeria. Journal of Health, Population, And Nutrition 25(1), 101.
[12] Hayes, R., Dennerstein, L, M., 2005.The Impact of Aging on Sexual Function and Sexual Dysfunction in Women: A Review of Population-Based Studies. Journal Sexual Medicine;5(3):317-30.
[13] Mitchell, K.R., Mercer, C.H., Ploubidis, G.B., et al., 2013. Sexual function in Britain: Findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). Lancet; 382:1817-1829.
[14] Winkelman, W.D., Katz, P.P., Smith, J.F., Rowen, T.S., 2016. The Sexual impact of infertility among women seeking fertility care. Sex Med 4:190 197.
[15] Davari-TanhaM F., Mohseni, M., Gharjarzadeh, M., 2014. Sexual function in women with primary and secondary infertility in comparison with controls International Journal of Impotence Research; 26(4):132-4.
[16] Hendrick, L., Gijs, L., Enzlin, P., 2015.Age-related prevalence rates of sexual difficulties, sexual dysfunctions, and sexual distress in heterosexual women: Results from an online survey in Flanders. J Sex Med; 12:424-435.
[17] Abdullahi, H.M., Abdurrahman, A., Ahmed, Z.D., Tukur, J., 2019. Female sexual dysfunction among women attending the family planning clinic at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital: A cross-sectional survey. Niger J Basic Clin Sci; 16:32-7.
[18] Okeke, T.C., Anyaehie, U.S.B., Ezenyeaku, C.C.K., 2012. An overview of female genital mutilation in Nigeria Annals of Medical Health Sciences Research; 2(1):70-73.
[19] Leye, E., Eekert, N., V,, Shamu, S., Esho, T., Barrett, H., and ANSER., 2019.Debating medicalization of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): learning from (policy)experiences across countries Reproductive Health;16:158 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0817-3.
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Prevalence and Symptomatic Correlation of Vitamin D Deficiency in Individuals Visiting for an Annual Health Check-up – A Cross-sectional StudyAuthor: Ashish Kumar MauryaDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art020
Prevalence and Symptomatic Correlation of Vitamin D Deficiency in Individuals Visiting for an Annual Health Check-up – A Cross-sectional Study
Abstract:
Vitamin D plays a crucial role in electrolytic reabsorption and calcium homeostasis, thereby maintaining skeletal and extra-skeletal integrity. In addition, the literature establishes its potency to prevent insulin-dependent diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, and various autoimmune disorders. Therefore, determining vitamin D deficient states and its correlation with systemic factors plays a notable role in clinical medicine. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the Prevalence and symptomatic correlation of vitamin D deficiency in individuals visiting an annual health check-up at a quaternary care hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study stipulated the prevalence rate of serum vitamin D deficiency levels was 91 % among healthy individuals. The overall mean value of serum vitamin D was 17.54 ng/mL. With 91.2 % symptomatic individuals, the mean age of patients was 48.08 ± 10.33 years, with the majority of males (61.53 %). The mild, moderate, and severe grades of vitamin D deficiency were seen in 32.53 %, 53.01 %, and 14.45 % of study participants, respectively. On applying Pearson correlation, there is a strong negative correlation between the total symptom score (12.98) and serum vitamin D levels with an R-value of -0.788. The study reveals the higher prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency among apparently healthy participants. The associated symptoms among moderate and severe vitamin D deficient study participants indicate the alarming stage in the country. The study concluded the need for comprehensive public health programs concerning the advantages of sun exposure and sufficient intake of fortified resources in the 21st-century lifestyle.
Keywords: Bone pain, Cholecalciferol, Depression, Muscle pain, Prevalence, Symptoms, Vitamin D deficiency.Prevalence and Symptomatic Correlation of Vitamin D Deficiency in Individuals Visiting for an Annual Health Check-up – A Cross-sectional Study
References:
[1] Nair R, Maseeh A. 2012, Vitamin D: “The Sunshine” Vitamin. J Pharmacol Pharmacother; 3:118-26.
[2] Holick MF, Chen TC. 2008, Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences. Am J Clin Nutr.;87:1080S-6S.
[3] Heaney RP, Dowell MS, Hale CA, Bendich A. 2003, Calcium absorption varies within the reference range for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J Am Coll Nutr.;22:142-6.
[4] Holick MF. 2004, Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. J Am Clin Nutr. 1; 80:1678S-88S.
[5] Tabrizi R, Moosazadeh M, Akbari M, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Mohamadkhani M, Asemi Z, Heydari ST, Akbari M, Lankarani KB. 2018, High Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among Iranian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J Med Sci.; 43(2):125-39.
[6] Holick MF. 2006, High Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. Mayo Clin Proc.:81; 353-73.
[7] Hovsepian S, Amini M, Aminorroaya A, Amini P, Iraj B. 2011, Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adult population of Isfahan City, Iran. J Health Popul Nutr.; 29:149-55.
[8] Hickey L, Gordon CM. 2004, Vitamin D deficiency: new perspectives on an old disease. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes.; 11:18-25.
[9] Lips P. 2007, Vitamin D status and nutrition in Europe and Asia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.; 103:620-5.
[10] Aparna P, Muthathal S, Nongkynrih B, Gupta SK. 2018, Vitamin D deficiency in India. J Family Med Prim Care.; 7(2):324-30.
[11] Lips P. 2001, Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications. Endocrine reviews.; 22:477-501.
[12] Bawaskar PH, Bawaskar HS, Bawaskar PH, Pakhare AP. 2017, Profile of Vitamin D in patients attending at general hospital Mahad India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab; 21(1):125-30.
[13] Agrawal NK, Sharma B. 2013, Prevalence of osteoporosis in otherwise healthy Indian males aged 50 years and above. Arch Osteoporos.; 8:116.
[14] Parva NR, Tadepalli S, Singh P, Qian A, Joshi R, Kandala H, Nookala VK, Cheriyath P. 2018, Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors in the US population (2011-2012). Cureus.;10(6):2741.
[15] Rattan R, Sahoo D, Mahapatra S. 2016, Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in adults in the coastal regions of Odisha, India. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci.; 11:49–52.
[16] Roy A, Lakshmy R, Tarik M, Tandon N, Reddy KS, Prabhakaran D, et al. 2015, Independent Association of severe Vitamin D deficiency as a risk of acute myocardial infarction in Indians. Indian Heart J.; 67:27–32.
[17] Goswami R., Kochupillai N., Gupta N. 2008, Presence of 25 (OH) D deficiencies in a rural North Indian village despite abundant sunshine. J Assoc Physicians India; 56:755–7.
[18] Marwaha R.K., Tandon N., Garg M.K. 2011, Vitamin D status in healthy Indians aged 50 years and above. J Assoc Physicians India.; 59:706–9.
[19] Heidari B, Shirvani J. S, Firouzjahi A, Heidari P, Hajian-Tilaki K. O. 2010, association between nonspecific skeletal pain and vitamin D deficiency. Int J Rheum Dis.;13(4):340–6.
[20] Plotnikoff GA, Quigley JM. 2003, Prevalence of severe hypovitaminosis D in patients with persistent, nonspecific musculoskeletal pain. Mayo Clin Proc; 78(12):1463-70.
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A Gender Mirrored Framework into Suicidal Ideation and Associated Risk FactorsAuthor: Makinde, Christiana Omone BoseDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art021
A Gender Mirrored Framework into Suicidal Ideation and Associated Risk Factors
Abstract:
The study assessed a gender mirrored framework into suicidal ideation and associated risk factors among undergraduates amid the prevalence of suicide ideation. A cross-sectional design was adopted for this study. The sample size was 993 respondents selected from undergraduates in public and private universities. The Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23 was utilized in analyzing the data from this study. Four null hypotheses on gender, suicide ideation, and four psychosocial risk factors (depression, childhood adversity, economic recession, and media reporting) were raised and tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed a highly significant correlation between gender and suicide ideation. Childhood adversity is associated with gender (r = -.149, p >0.01). The relationship between gender, suicidation, and economic recession was also significant. The study recommended that gender-specific suicide prevention and intervention programme should be provided by institutions of higher learning and the creation of awareness on the effect of childhood experience on the latter psychological health of a person.
Keywords: Childhood Adversity, Depression, Economic Recession, Gender, Media Reporting, Suicide Ideation.A Gender Mirrored Framework into Suicidal Ideation and Associated Risk Factors
References:
[1] Omigbodun, O., Dogra, N., Esan, O., & Adedokun, B. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behaviour among students in Southwest Nigeria. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 54(1), 34 – 46.
[2] Korb I, Plattner, I. E. (2014). Suicide ideation and depression in university students in Botswana. J Psychol Afr. 24(5):420–6.
[3] Arria AM, O’Grady KE, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, Wilcox HC, Wish ED. (2009) Suicide ideation among college students: a multivariate analysis. Arch Suicide Res. ;13(3):230–46.
[4] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2010). Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) [Online]. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC (producer). Available from URL: www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html.
[5] Joe S, Stein DJ, Seedat S. (2008). Non-fatal suicide behaviour among South Africans. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology; 43:454-461.
[6] Abdollahi Abbas, Mansor Abu Talib, Siti nor Yaacob, and Zanariah Ismail. (2015). “The 5t; rtRole of Hardiness in Decreasing Stress and Suicidal Ideation in a Sample of Undergraduate Students.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 55(2): 202–22. http://search.proquest.com.proxy.lib.pdx.edu/psycinfo/docview/1666306951/AB558F8F76314208PQ/15?accountid=13265 (March 26, 2015).
[7] Whitlock, J., & Knox, K. (2007). The relationship between self-injurious behavior and suicide in a young adult population. Archive of Pediatric Adolescence Medical, 161(7), 634-640.
[8] Mackenzie, S. Wiegel, J., Mundt, M., Brown, D., Saewyc, E., Heiligenstei, Harahan, B., & Fleming, M. (2011). Depression and suicide ideation among students accessing campus healthcare. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81(1), 101–107.
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The Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia among Clients of the AIDS Support Organisation-Entebbe, UgandaAuthor: Edward Kibikyo MukoozaDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art022
The Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia among Clients of the AIDS Support Organisation-Entebbe, Uganda
Abstract:
Anaemia, a common hematological disorder in HIV infection, compromises the quality of life and treatment outcomes. At The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Entebbe, the records for the 2016-2018 period show a 10% prevalence of anaemia which is lower than that in literature where it is said to be up to 95%. This study determined the prevalence, type, severity, and determinants of anaemia among people living with HIV and AIDS who receive care from TASO Entebbe in Uganda. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 624 TASO clients. A checklist identified the clients’ Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) combination and viral load. The selected clients’ Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated to assess their nutritional status. A Fully Automated Humacount 60TS Three-Part Hematology Analyzer was used to measure hemoglobin and to do a full blood count. A blood film from each sample was manually examined for the type of anaemia. Data analysis was done with Stata MP 15. The prevalence of anaemia was 44.4%, and the anaemia was mostly mild (54.15%) to moderate (40.80%). Anaemia of inflammation was the commonest type (>58%). Gender, viral suppression, nutritional status, nutritional education, marital and economic status were significantly associated with the anaemia. Duration on ART had a protective effect, but this was not statistically significant. The prevalence of anaemia (44.4%) among the TASO-Entebbe Uganda clients was high, but the anaemia was mostly mild to moderate (>94%) and of inflammation type (>58%). Management of anaemia in HIV requires intentional screening since it compromises treatment outcomes.
Keywords: Prevalence of anaemia in HIV, Determinants of anaemia in HIV, Uganda, TASO.The Prevalence and Determinants of Anaemia among Clients of the AIDS Support Organisation-Entebbe, Uganda
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Comparative Anti–Alzheimer’s Potential Evaluation of Curcumin and Curcumin Analogues obtained from ZINC Database: An in-Silico ValidationAuthor: R. ThirumalaisamyDOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.04.Art023
Comparative Anti–Alzheimer’s Potential Evaluation of Curcumin and Curcumin Analogues obtained from ZINC Database: An in-Silico Validation
Abstract:
Curcumin and its eleven analogues obtained from the ZINC database were screened for its anti-Alzheimer’s potential validated through in silico approach. Curcumin, eleven curcumin analogues from the ZINC database, and six standard anti-Alzheimer’s drugs were obtained from SWISS ADME and Pub chem database. All obtained molecules were subjected to drug-likeness, molecular docking, and ADMET analysis. Curcumin and eleven curcumin analogues show no violations against five drug-likeness rules, whereas 2 standard drugs (CID_11269353, CID_46883536) out of 5 screened standard drug molecules shows violations in drug likeness property. Curcumin and curcumin analogues possess docking scores in the range of -7.5 to 9.9 Kcal/mol, whereas reference standard drugs docking score lies in the range of -6.4 to -11.0 Kcal/mol against all three Alzheimer’s disease molecular targets. Finally, our present study has proven that curcumin analogues possess some novel anti-Alzheimer’s properties over curcumin and standard reference drug. It needs to be validated and commercialized after in vivo preclinical trials.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s, Curcumin, Curcumin analogues, In silico, ZINC.Comparative Anti–Alzheimer’s Potential Evaluation of Curcumin and Curcumin Analogues obtained from ZINC Database: An in-Silico Validation
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