Microbial Analysis of Street Food in Demerara-Mahaica, Guyana

Abstract:
Street food is vital
in global culture’s economic, social, and nutritional aspects. However, as is
typical among developing countries, various factors combine to compromise the
safety of these foods, leaving residents susceptible to exceptionally high
levels of microbial contamination. Chief among the numerous approaches and
steps developed and employed to improve this situation is a clear understanding
of the existing and potential extents of pathogens found in street foods. This
is particularly true in jurisdictions like Guyana, where street food vending is
unregulated. Therefore, this study investigated the microbiological safety of
night street foods in the Demerara-Mahaica region of Guyana, focusing on
contamination levels and demographic factors associated with street food
contamination. Ninety food samples were collected and analyzed for Aerobic
Plate Counts (APC), coliforms, and the presence of pathogens like Salmonella
and Staphylococcus aureus. The study found a high prevalence of unacceptable
APC levels and a relatively low prevalence of unacceptable coliform limits. No
Salmonella was detected, and S. aureus was found at minimal levels in one of
the food samples. These findings, while indicating significant public health
risks related to lapses in food handling, also point to the need to improve
food safety through comprehensive interventions that reduce contamination risks
and safeguard public health. Recommendations include establishing the
regulatory authority for food safety, making food safety standards mandatory,
improving vendor training, enhancing infrastructure, and improving access to
clean, potable water.
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