Abstract:

Nanotechnology driven approaches have gained significant attention especially in biomedical research particularly in the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles offering ecofriendly and sustainable alternatives for therapeutic applications. This study explored the green synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) from Millettia pinnata and evaluated their embryonic toxicology and anticancer activity against osteosarcoma cells. CoNPs were synthesized and characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM-EDAX analysis. UV-Vis analysis confirmed CoNPs formation at 320 nm, while FTIR identified O-H, C=C and metal ligand vibrations. SEM showed nanoparticle agglomeration with an average size of 100 nm and EDAX confirmed cobalt and chlorine presence. The antimicrobial activity of CoNPs was assessed through time kill curve analysis against Candida albicans, Klebsiella sp, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. The results demonstrated strong efficacy against S. mutans, moderate activity against Klebsiella sp. and E. faecalis and low anticandidal activity against C. albicans. Cytotoxicity studies using MTT assays showed a dose dependent reduction in osteosarcoma cell viability, further confirmed by apoptosis detection through AO/EtBr staining. Toxicity assessments including brine shrimp lethality assays (BSLA) and zebrafish embryo tests revealed dose and time dependent effects. These findings suggest that M. pinnata derived CoNPs exhibit strong antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, especially against S. mutans and osteosarcoma cells, warranting further research into their therapeutic potential and environmental impact.

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