Abstract:

Trikatu (Thirukadugam) is an amalgamation of various herbal parts which is using in traditional medicinal system like siddha, Ayurvedha, Homeopathy etc. This formulation is effective in respiratory problem acts as bronchodilator and expectorants. It enhances the digestive juice secretion and increase the appetite. Antiobesity property regulate the serum cholesterol and triglycerides level. Hence it might increase sensitivity of insulin receptor and its phytochemical component acts as bio enhancers to promote antidiabetic properties. It is utilized to treat the arthritis, gout disease and good detoxifier agent. Although preceding report shows Trikatu has potential for therapies, phytochemical component is not well determined. This evokes us to initiate the present study, the ethanolic extract of Trikatu is subjected to phytochemical screening the following compounds like alkaloids, sterols, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins and proteins has been present. Bioactive components were identified specifically, Amoxapine, 4,2'-Dihydroxychalcone,Succinic acid, Glycosides, 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-, Synephrine, Sotalol, Dyphylline, Amrinone and Benzene, 3-[3-iodo-2-(iodomethyl)-2-methylpropyl]-1,2,4,5-tetramethyl—. These components might establish pharmacological nature and therapeutic potentials of the herbal extract.

References:

[1].  Gomathi, D., Kalaiselvi, M., Ravikumar, G., Devaki, K., & Uma, C., 2015, GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from the whole plant ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52, 1212-1217.

[2].  Sam, S., 2019, Importance and effectiveness of herbal medicines. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(2), 354-357.

[3].  Pazhani, J., Chanthu, K., Jayaraman, S., & Varun, B. R., 2023, Evaluation of salivary MMP-9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia using ELISA. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 27(4), 649-654.

[4].  Shekhar, S., Ramani, A., & Sonwaniya, R., 2023, A review on formulation and evaluation of digestive churna.

[5].  Sharma, V., Hem, K., Singh, N., & Gautam, D. N., 2015, Phytochemistry and pharmacology of trikatu. Indian Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, 1(4), 193-197.

[6].  Kumar, S. S., & Mishra, S. H., 2004, Hepatoprotective activity of the Trikatu Churna-an Ayurvedic formulation. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66(3), 365-367.

[7].  Ali, B. H., Blunden, G., Tanira, M. O., & Nemmar, A., 2008, Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 409-420.

[8].  Sagar, S., Ramani, P., Moses, S., Gheena, S., & Selvaraj, J., 2024, Correlation of salivary cytokine IL-17A and 1, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Odontology, 1-10.

[9].  Vijayakumar, R. S., Surya, D., Senthilkumar, R., & Nalini, N., 2002, Hypolipidemic effect of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.) in rats fed high fat diet. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 32, 31-42.

[10]. Panda, S., & Kar, A., 2003, Piperine lowers the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, glucose and hepatic 5′ D activity in adult male mice. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 35(09), 523-526.

[11]. Subramaniam, K., Subramanian, S. K., Bhargav, S., Parameswari, R., Praveena, R., Ravikumar, R.,& Kumar, V. M., 2021, Review on potential antiviral and immunomodulatory properties of Piper Longum. in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1145, No. 1, p. 012099). IOP Publishing.

[12]. Biswas, P., Ghorai, M., Mishra, T., Gopalakrishnan, A. V., Roy, D., Mane, A. B., & Dey, A., 2022, Piper longum L.: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and health‐promoting activities. Phytotherapy Research, 36(12), 4425-4476.

[13]. Krishnan, R. P., Pandiar, D., Ramani, P., & Jayaraman, S., 2025, Molecular profiling of oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma using next generation sequencing. Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 126(4), 102120.

[14]. Offei-Oknye, R., Patterson, J., Walker, L. T., & Verghese, M., 2015, Processing effects on phytochemical content and antioxidative potential of ginger Zingiber officale. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 6(5), 445-451.

[15]. Atal, S., Agrawal, R. P., Vyas, S., Phadnis, P., & Rai, N., 2012, Evaluation of the effect of piperine per se on blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Acta Pol Pharm, 69(5), 965-969.

[16]. Kumar, B., Tiwari, S., Bajpai, V., & Singh, B., 2020, Phytochemistry of plants of genus piper. CRC Press.

[17]. Jayaraman, S., Natarajan, S. R., Veeraraghavan, V. P., & Jasmine, S., 2023, Unveiling the anti-cancer mechanisms of calotropin: Insights into cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and metabolic regulation in human oral squamous carcinoma cells (HSC-3). Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 13(6), 704-713.

[18]. Jayaraman, S., Natarajan, S. R., Ponnusamy, B., Veeraraghavan, V. P., & Jasmine, S., 2023, Unlocking the potential of beta sitosterol: Augmenting the suppression of oral cancer cells through extrinsic and intrinsic signalling mechanisms. The Saudi Dental Journal, 35(8), 1007-1013.

[19]. Sruthi, M. A., Mani, G., Ramakrishnan, M., & Selvaraj, J., 2023, Dental caries as a source of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: An RT‐PCR study. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 33(1), 82-88.

[20]. Ban, T. A., Wilson, W. H., & McEvoy, J. P., 1980, Amoxapine: A review of literature. International Pharmacopsychiatry, 15(3), 166-170.

[21]. Yasothkumar, D., Ramani, P., Jayaraman, S., Ramalingam, K., & Tilakaratne, W. M., 2024, Expression Profile of Circulating Exosomal microRNAs in Leukoplakia, Oral Submucous Fibrosis, and Combined Lesions of Leukoplakia and Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Head and Neck Pathology, 18(1), 28.

[22]. Haddad, A. Q., Fleshner, N., Nelson, C., Saour, B., Musquera, M., Venkateswaran, V., & Klotz, L., 2010, Antiproliferative mechanisms of the flavonoids 2, 2′-dihydroxychalcone and fisetin in human prostate cancer cells. Nutrition and Cancer, 62(5), 668-681.

[23]. Kaur, M., & Kaushal, R., 2023, Spectroscopic investigations, ab-initio DFT calculations, molecular docking and in-vitro assay studies of novel oxovanadium (V) chalcone complexes as potential antidiabetic agents. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1271, 133994.

[24]. Saravanan, R., & Pari, L., 2006, Effect of a novel insulinotropic agent, succinic acid monoethyl ester, on lipids and lipoproteins levels in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes. Journal of Biosciences, 31(5), 581-587.

[25]. Lattibeaudiere, K. G., & Alexander-Lindo, R. L., 2022, Oleic Acid and Succinic Acid Synergistically Mitigate Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2022(1), 8744964.

[26]. Asong, J. A., Amoo, S. O., McGaw, L. J., Nkadimeng, S. M., Aremu, A. O., & Otang-Mbeng, W., 2019, Antimicrobial activity, antioxidant potential, cytotoxicity and phytochemical profiling of four plants locally used against skin diseases. Plants, 8(9), 350.

[27]. Fathima, J. S., Jayaraman, S., Sekar, R., & Syed, N. H., 2024, The role of MicroRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of oral premalignant disorders. Odontology, 1-10.

[28]. Hong, N. Y., Cui, Z. G., Kang, H. K., Lee, D. H., Lee, Y. K., & Park, D. B., 2012, p-Synephrine stimulates glucose consumption via AMPK in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 418(4), 720-724.

[29]. Cui, Z., Lee, Y., Lee, Y., & Park, D., 2015, p-Synephrine suppresses glucose production but not lipid accumulation in H4IIE liver cells. Journal of Medicinal Food, 18(1), 76-82.

[30]. Kerin, N. Z., & Jacob, S., 2011, The efficacy of sotalol in preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. The American Journal of Medicine, 124(9), 875-e1.

[31]. Hirshman, C. A., Lawyer, C., Downes, H., Farbood, A., Rodgers, R., & Gerber, N., 1981, Dyphylline aerosol attenuates antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in experimental canine asthma. Chest, 79(4), 454-458.

[32]. Mancini, D., LeJemtel, T., & Sonnenblick, E., 1985, Intravenous use of amrinone for the treatment of the failing heart. The American Journal of Cardiology, 56(3), B8-B15.

[33]. Bayomi, S. M., Moustafa, M. A., Maarouf, A. R., & Abutaleb, M. H., 2016, Design, synthesis, biological activity and molecular modeling of new heterocyclic tetrazole derivatives. J Am Sci, 12(1), 40-56