Abstract:

Standard treatments for bacterial infections are becoming increasingly ineffective as antibiotic resistance grows worldwide. Due to the overuse of antibiotics, multidrug-resistant bacteria have emerged as a serious hazard and a major worldwide healthcare issue in the twenty-first century. Traditional approaches to creating novel antibacterial medications are insufficient to fulfil the existing pipeline, hence new tactics in the field of antibacterial discovery are being developed. Cassia fistula (C.fistula), a member of the Leguminosae family, naturally contains antibacterial properties. The plant is used to cure skin diseases, liver problems, tuberculose glands, and hematemesis, pruritus, leucoderma, and diabetes. As a result, effective antimicrobial treatment beyond antibiotics is critical. The Plants contain a wide range of secondary metabolites, including tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides, which have antibacterial characteristics. Terpenenes and terpenoids are effective against bacteria, fungus, viruses, and protozoa. Terpenes' mode of action involves lipophilic chemicals disrupting membranes. Adding a methyl group to increase the hydrophilicity of kaurene diterpenoids decreased their antibacterial efficacy significantly. In the study, antibacterial screening assay against S.aureus and K.pneumonia, a new chemical isolated from C.fistula's ethyl acetate extract demonstrated wider inhibitory zones than the positive control. The treated culture's genomic DNA profile remains unchanged after treatment with the new chemical. The new chemical suppressed protein synthesis, resulting in reduced protein content in treated cultures of both strains, confirming its bactericidal effect. Further immune-blot analysis is required to confirm the particular protein. Investigating a novel triterpenoid that reduces pharmaceutical drug load and resistance risk, as well as treatment costs, could offer promising therapeutic options for treating secondary urinary tract infections associated with diabetes.

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