Abstract:

White spot lesions (WSL), most commonly associated with Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus are the routinely encountered, drawback in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy due to poor oral hygiene, plaque and biofilm adhesion and retention. Many approaches have been reported against WSL lesions, amid a surge in reports on their antimicrobial resistance. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate two such novel formulations, cysteine-rich crusting antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) and plant-derived nanoparticles (SA_NPs) for the inhibitory activity of dental microbes. CAMP and SA_NP were isolated and characterized, according to the protocol adopted from our previous work. Followingly, the antimicrobial activity was assessed by a well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In situ light microscopy analysis was used to evaluate their respective biofilm inhibition concentration (BIC). The results indicated a dose-dependent relation of CAMP and SA_NP. MIC of CAMP against S. mutans at 75 µg/ml was 17±0.4 mm and against L. acidophilus was 18±0.1mm, where MIC = 75 µg/ml for SA_NP, where in 17±0.1 mm zone of inhibition against S. mutans and 17±0.3 mm against L. acidophilus was noted. Maximum arrest/inhibition of biofilm growth for both S. mutans and L. acidophilus was observed at BIC= 75 μg for both CAMP and SA_NP. Therefore, newer approaches like the incorporation of green synthesized nanoparticles and curated peptide antimicrobials offer a new approach to treating microbial pathogens that are resistant to current treatment practices and for the treatment of pathogenic biofilms.

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