An Update on the Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Metabolic Health and Insulin Resistance: A narrative review
Abstract:
Insulin resistance and metabolic
health are largely regulated by important pathways that omega-3 fatty acids
influence. The molecular pathways by which Omega-3 fatty acids, specifically
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), work is the main
topic of concern in this narrative overview. Through modifying inflammatory
responses, enhancing lipid metabolism, and impacting insulin signaling
pathways, these fatty acids mainly increase insulin sensitivity. Studies have
demonstrated that EPA and DHA can increase insulin sensitivity by
downregulating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, reducing
pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increasing the activation of peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Furthermore, Omega-3s mitigate
lipotoxicity and encourage the effective utilization of fatty acids as an
energy source, all of which are critical for preserving insulin sensitivity.
They also lessen ectopic fat accumulation. Additionally, the interaction
between Omega-3s and membrane phospholipids enhances insulin receptor signaling
and activity. Notwithstanding these advantages, further research is necessary
to fully understand the unique impacts of certain Omega-3s, such as
Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA), on these pathways as well as how they might
interact with other dietary components and gut flora. We can more effectively
utilize the therapeutic potential of omega-3 fatty acids to enhance metabolic
health and combat insulin resistance by clarifying these pathways.
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