Prevalence and Determinants of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Suburban Population
Abstract:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presents significant
risks to maternal and neonatal health, with varying prevalence globally.
Understanding its determinants in specific populations can guide targeted
interventions and improve health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the
prevalence of GDM and its associated risk factors in a suburban population. A
cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 pregnant women attending suburban
community health centers. Data on demographic, lifestyle, and clinical
variables were collected. GDM was diagnosed based on the International
Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Statistical
analyses included logistic regression to determine odds ratios (ORs) for
potential risk factors. The prevalence of GDM in the study population was 15%.
Significant risk factors for GDM included age ≥ 30 years (OR=2.5, 95% CI:
1.5-4.1, P=0.003), family history of diabetes (OR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.8-5.3,
P=0.001), and a high sugar diet (OR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.4-4.3, P=0.001). A sedentary
lifestyle and irregular meal patterns were also associated with increased GDM
risk (OR=2.2 and 1.9, respectively). Overweight and obesity were strong
predictors of GDM, with ORs of 2.3 and 3.5 for BMI ranges of 25-29.9 and ≥30,
respectively. The study highlighted that both non-modifiable (age, family
history) and modifiable (diet, lifestyle) factors significantly influence the
risk of developing GDM in a suburban population. These findings suggest the
necessity of targeted screening and preventive strategies that focus on
modifiable lifestyle adjustments in at-risk groups.
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