Supportive Supervision of Routine Immunization Service Providers, A Means to Improve Vaccine Cold Chain Management Practices in Sokoto State

Download Article

DOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.12.04.Art093

Authors : Zubair Abdulkarim Isah, Akeyede Imam, Mas’ud Eneji Sadiq, Sanusi Mode

Abstract:

Integral to the Expanded Program on Immunization, is the Vaccine cold chain system which is used for storing, transporting, and distributing vaccines and other biologicals in recommended temperatures until they reach beneficiaries, a chain that must not be broken for vaccine to retain their potency. The success of national immunization programmes depends largely on effective logistics management of the vaccine cold chain system. This study has investigated the dependence of supportive supervision and attendance of Vaccine management-related training on the vaccine cold chain management practices of RI Service providers in Sokoto state. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed 230 equipped health facilities were sampled, and results were analyzed which revealed a positive correlation between supportive supervision and better vaccine management practices amongst routine immunization service providers, with a recommendation to the State Ministry of Health to invest in capacity building and refresher training of Routine immunization service providers and take ownership of supportive supervision.

References:

[1].   Shattock, A. J., Helen C. J., So, Y. S., Austin, C., Philipp, L., Raymond, C., Andrew, J., Hutubessy, K. M., Kamran, B., et al., 2024, Contribution of vaccination to improved survival and health: modelling 50 years of the Expanded Programme on Immunization, The Lancet, Volume 403, Issue 10441, 2307 – 2316, May 25, 2024.

[2].   Feyisa, D., 2021, Cold chain maintenance and vaccine stock management practices at public health centers providing child immunization services in Jimma Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: Multi-centered, mixed method approach. Pediatr Heal Med Ther. 2021, 12: 359–72.

[3].   UNICEF and WHO, 2016, Achieving immunization targets with the comprehensive effective vaccine management (EVM) framework. WHO/UNICEF joint statement, (2016).

[4].   World Health Organization, 2015, Immunization in practice; module 2. A practical guide for health staff 2015, update. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/ handle/10665/193412/9789241549097_eng.pdf/

[5].   World Health Organization, 2022, History of vaccination/a brief history of vaccination. Available at: https://apps.who.int/immunization_standards/vaccine_quality/pqs_ catalogue/catdocumentation.aspx?id_cat=35/

[6].   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023, CDC 24/7: Saving lives protecting People. Healthcare providers/professionals/providers home/administration tools/Vaccine Storage & Handling. Vaccine Storage & Handling Toolkit. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/admin/storage/toolkit/index.html

[7].   Princeton. B, Santhakumar. P, Prathap, L., 2020, Awareness on preventive measures taken by health care professionals attending COVID-19 patients among dental students. Eur J Dent. 14: S105–S109. doi:10.1055/s-0040-1721296

[8].   Lloyd, J. and Cheyne, J., 2017, The origins of the vaccine cold chain and a glimpse of the future, Journal of Vaccine, 35, 2115–2120 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.097 0264-410X/ 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

[9].   Sharma, L., Gupta, G., Kapuria, B., Singh, S. K., Gupta, S. and Agarwal, M. K., 2022, Strengthening the Immunization supply chain through EVM assessment: Comparing India’s two successive national assessments. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11: 5298-304.

[10].  Oluwafunmilayo, O. I., Ayobami, O. A., Caroline, A. B., Tope, M. I., Demilade, O. I., et al. 2024, Effect of integrated supportive supervision on availability of resources for health care service delivery and uptake of services in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria, evidence from the Saving One Million Lives program for result supported facilities. Pan African Medical Journal. 2024; 47(45), 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.45.34291 Available online at: https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com//content/article/47/45/full

[11].  Kruk, M. E., Porignon, D., Rockers, P. C. and Van-Lerberghe, W., 2010, The contribution of primary care to health and health systems in low- and middle-income countries: a critical review of major primary care initiatives. Soc Sci Med. 2010, Mar;70(6), 904-11. PubMed | Google Scholar.

[12].  Friedberg, M. W., Hussey, P. S. and Schneider, E. C., 2010, Primary care: a critical review of the evidence on quality and costs of health care. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010, May;29(5), 766-72. PubMed | Google Scholar.

[13].  Bailey, C., Blake, C., Schriver, M., Cubaka, V. K., Thomas, T. and Martin H. A., 2016, A systematic review of supportive supervision as a strategy to improve primary healthcare services in sub-Saharan Africa. Int Journal of Gynaecol. Obstet. 2016, Jan;132(1), 117-25. PubMed | Google Scholar.

[14].  Flahault, D., Piot, M. and Franklin A., 1988, World Health Organization. The supervision of health personnel at district level. Geneva; WHO. Google Scholar.

[15].  Bradley, S., Kamwendo, F., Masanja, H., Pinho, H., Waxman, R., Boostrom, C., et al. 2013, District Health managers´ perceptions of supervision in Malawi and Tanzania. Hum Resour Health. 2013, Sep 5; 11:43. PubMed | Google Scholar.

[16].  Ifeoluwapo, O.K., 2018, Supportive Supervision: A Tool for Creating Healthy Work Environment for Nurses International journal of Sciences, Volume 7 – October 2018 (10), http://www.ijSciences.com

[17].  World Health Organization, 2015, Supportive supervision: meeting of the implementation task force on supportive supervision. Geneva. 2(1), 15-17.

[18].  Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, 2013, Guidelines for implementing supportive supervision: a step by-step guide with tools to support immunization. Seatle: PATH (2013).

[19].  WHO MLM, 2008, Training for Mid-level managers (MLM). Module 4: supportive supervision. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008, republished 2020 under the licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[20].  Coyle, C., Aine, T., Mary, C., Damen, H., and Frédérique, V. 2022, Supportive Supervision for Community Health Workers: A Systems-Thinking Approach', (Oxford, 2022; online edn, Oxford Academic, 17 Nov. 2022), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799498.003.0004accessed 29 Oct. 2024.

[21].  Ergetie, F. S., Kassaw, A. T., and Sendekie, A. K. 2023, Vaccine cold chain management practices in primary health centers providing an expanded immunization program in Northwest Ethiopia: self-reported and actual practice observational study. Front. Public Health 11:1194807. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194807.

[22].  Anand, P. S, Jadhav, P, Kamath, K.P, Kumar, S. R, Vijayalaxmi, S, Anil S., 2022, A case-control study on the association between periodontitis and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). J Periodontol. ;93: 584–590. doi:10.1002/JPER.21-0272.

[23].  Steinhardt, L. C., Onikpo, F., Kouamé, J., Piercefield, E., Lama, M, Deming, M. S., et al., 2015, Predictors of health worker performance after integrated management of childhood illness training in Benin: A cohort study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015; 15:276. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0910-4