Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential: Antidiabetic Activity of Nelumbo nucifera
Abstract:
The escalating prevalence of
diabetes mellitus on a global scale has spurred an urgent need for innovative
and effective therapeutic interventions, Nelumbo nucifera, commonly known as
the sacred lotus, has been revered for centuries in various cultures for its
symbolic significance and aesthetic appeal. Beyond its cultural importance, various
parts of the Nelumbo nucifera plant, including its seeds, leaves, and rhizomes,
are rich repositories of bioactive compounds. These compounds, ranging from
alkaloids and flavonoids to polysaccharides, exhibit diverse pharmacological
activities and its been a subject of interest for researchers due to their rich
phytochemical composition. Among its various bioactive properties, the
alpha-glucosidase and amylase inhibition capabilities stand out for their
potential in managing diabetes mellitus. These enzymes play crucial roles in
carbohydrate metabolism, and their inhibition can effectively control
postprandial hyperglycemia, a critical aspect of diabetes management This study
is done using different concentrations of samples and standard drugs showing amylase
and alpha-glucosidase inhibition properties and analysed and calculated using
percentage inhibition formula and it showed the percentage of alpha amylase
inhibition by standard concentration 400ug is 53.3 % and sample 500ug is 50%, The
percentage inhibition of concentration alpha glucosidase inhibition for
standard concentration 400ug is 72.2% and sample 500ug is 71.4%. The study
concluded that Nelumbo nucifera possesses both alpha-glucosidase and amylase
inhibition properties and is a good natural source of remedy for diabetes, that
can be combined with other drugs.
References:
[1]. Kim, M. K., Lee, J. M., Kim, N. Y., Shin, J. H., & Lee, M. Y. 2016, Antidiabetic effect of Nelumbo nucifera leaf ethanol extract in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 178, 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.038
[2]. Wang, Q., Ge, X., Tian, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., & Zhang, P. 2017, Flavonoids from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) seed embryo and their antioxidant and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65(43), 9489-9495. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04508
[3]. Davis, R. J., & Jones, R. E. 2018, Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Nelumbo nucifera extracts. Phytotherapy Research, 32(9), 1770-1777. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6068
[4]. Gao, J., Xu, P., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., & Hochstetter, D. 2020, Combined effects of three polyphenols from Nelumbo nucifera on inhibition of alpha-glucosidase: Enzyme kinetics and interaction mechanism. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 165(Pt B), 3096-3104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.183
[5]. Miller, M. L., & Thompson, L. A. 2020, Comparative study of Nelumbo nucifera and other natural extracts for managing type 2 diabetes. Journal of Natural Products, 83(1), 112-119. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00872
[6]. Yeo, J., & Kang, Y. J. 2016, The anti-diabetic effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaves in vitro and in vivo. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 91, 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2016.02.008
[7]. Wu, T., Qi, X., Liu, Y., Guo, J., Zhu, R., Chen, W., … & Liu, Y. 2019, Dietary supplementation with Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. leaves alleviates insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Nutrition & Metabolism, 16, 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-019-0415-8
[8]. Gupta, M., & Kaur, G. 2019, Application of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) in antidiabetic and anticancer therapy: Current perspectives and future prospects. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 43(10). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12841
[9]. Jung, H. A., Hwang, G. S., Yu, H., Kim, Y. M., & Kim, J. 2017, Evaluation of antidiabetic therapeutic potential of flavonoids from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera. Molecules, 22(10), 1885. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101885
[10]. Zhang, L., Tu, Z., Yuan, T., Wang, H., & Tan, T. 2017, Inhibitory effects of flavonoids-rich extracts from the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaf on alpha-glucosidase in diabetic rats. Journal of Functional Foods, 29, 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.014
[11]. Chen, H., Zhou, Y., Shao, H., & Ma, Q. 2015, Evaluation of the antidiabetic potential of Nelumbo nucifera seeds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 174, 326-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.034
[12]. Jiang, Y., Wang, X., Xie, Z., Huang, Y., & Zhu, S. 2016, Antidiabetic effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaves ethanol extract in high fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 181, 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.046
[13]. Cao, J., Zhang, Z., Huang, Y., & Chen, Y. 2020, Mechanistic insights into the synergistic inhibition of alpha-glucosidase by flavonoid compounds from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. leaves. Food Chemistry, 325, 126848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126848
[14]. Peng, C. H., Liu, L. K., Chuang, C. M., Chyau, C. C., Huang, C. N., & Wang, C. J. 2013, Effect of ethanolic extract of Nelumbo nucifera on high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in C57BL/6 mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(33), 8027-8033. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf401546h
[15]. Smith, J. E., & Williams, L. A. 2017, Effects of Nelumbo nucifera on insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in animal models. Nutrition Research, 37(5), 354-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2017.02.005
[16]. Kim, A. R., Kim, J. H., Lee, H. M., Choi, Y. H., & Kim, Y. O. 2014, Antidiabetic effects of the leaf and root extracts of Nelumbo nucifera on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 78(10), 1665-1669. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2014.931505
[17]. Jung, H. A., Kim, J. E., Chung, H. Y., & Choi, J. S. 2003, Antioxidant principles of Nelumbo nucifera stamens. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 26(4), 279-285. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980358
[18]. Li, M., Yu, Q., Shen, W., Liu, Z., & Hu, X. 2016, Anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity effects of resveratrol on high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(7), 1115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071115
[19]. Lee, J. H., Lee, S. H., Kang, H. G., & Lee, S. H. 2014, Protective effect of Nelumbo nucifera leaves on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Journal of Medicinal Food, 17(4), 382-389. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2013.0086
[20]. Kunanusorn, P., Panthong, A., Pittayanurak. P., Wanauppathamkul, S., Nathasaen, N., Reutrakul, V., Acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies of Nelumbo nucifera stamens extract in rats. J Ethnopharmacology. 2011, Apr 12; 134(3), 789-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.031.
[21]. Johnson, K., & Chen, T. 2015, The antidiabetic effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract: A systematic review. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 21(4), 222-229. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2014.0291
[22]. Choi, Y. J., Kim, J. Y., Lee, J. K., & Kim, H. K. 2018, Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract enhances insulin sensitivity and improves glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice. Phytomedicine, 50, 142-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.016
[23]. Harris, R., & Cooper, R. 2018, Nelumbo nucifera and its potential therapeutic effects in diabetes management: Insights from recent studies. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2018, 8314237. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8314237
