Abstract:

Vinegar is most commonly used as a condiment with food. however, there are also different types of vinegar that are very effective for cleaning. In addition to household vinegar, it is mainly produced as a precursor to polyvinyl acetate and cellulose acetate.In our present invention we have used vinegar as decalcification agent in bone specimen in the hematoxylin and eosin staining . The present study, apple vinegar used as decalcifying agent in processing bone specimens for hematoxylin and eosin staining.A study was conducted from apiril 2022 to September 2022 , 30 bone specimens were taken from department of pathology . Bone Sections were made into the block and sent for the Hematoxyline and eosin staining .In H&E staining two groups were separated Group A , Group B, group C and group D . Group A used vinegar as decalcifying agent ,Group B as 10% HCL, group C as 2% NO and sodium bicarbonate solution as decalcifying agent ,thin section were made 3-4 micron and bone sections were subjected to hematoxyline and eosin staining All group slides were given to the pathologist for they opinion and for reporting the slides. The results showed that Group A and group C had showed superior staining properties ,.cost effective decalcification agent was sodium bicarbonate and vinegar when compared to the other two. The study suggest that vinegar is consider as ecofriendly decalcifying agent in hematoxyline and eosin staining process.

References:

[1].   Grell, T., 2018, The International Olympic Committee and Human Rights Reforms: Game Changer or Mere Window Dressing? The International Sports Law Journal, 18(1-2), 160-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40318-018-0148-5

[2].   Cook, S. F., & Ezra-Cohn, H. E., 1962, A Comparison of Methods for Decalcifying Bone. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, 10(5), 560-563. https://doi.org/10.1177/10.1177/002215546201000505

[3].   Drury, R. A. B., & Wallington, E. A., 1990, Carleton’s Histological Technique (5th ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

[4].   Mattuella, L. G., Bento, L. W., Vier-Pelisser, F. V., Araujo, F. B., & Fossati, A. C., 1996, Comparative Analysis of Two Fixating and Two Decalcifying Solutions for Processing of Human Primary Teeth with Inactive Dentin Carious Lesions. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, 44(3), 123-156. https://doi.org/10.1177/002215549604400306

[5].   Bancroft, J. D., & Gamble, M. (Eds.)., 2008, Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques (9th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.

[6].   Singh, S., & Sircar, K., 2010, Evaluation of Efficacy of Various Chemicals for Decalcification of Dental Hard Tissues: An In-Vitro study. Journal of Orofacial & Health Sciences, 1(1), 5-10.

[7].   Culling, C. F., Allison, R. T., & Barr, W. T., 2014, Cellular Pathology Technique (4th ed.). Elsevier.

[8].   Verdenius, H. H., & Alma, L., 1958, A Quantitative Study Of Decalcification Methods In Histology. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 11(3), 229.

[9].   Birkedal-Hansen, H. E., 1974, Kinetics of Acid Demineralization In Histologic Technique. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, 22(6), 434-441. https://doi.org/10.1177/002215547402200601

[10].  Mawhinney, W. H., Richardson, E., & Malcolm, A. J. (1984). Control of Rapid Nitric Acid Decalcification. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 37(12), 1409. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.37.12.1409

[11].  Sabat, D., 2005, Comparison of Different Decalcification Methods for Hard Teeth Tissues Morphological Analysis. Dental and Medical Problems, 42(1), 21-26.

[12].  Waerhaug, J., 1949, Decalcification of Bone And Teeth Under Vacuum: A Rapid Method for Producing Hard Tissue Preparations. Journal of Dental Research, 28(5), 525-526.

[13].  Vongsavan, N., Matthews, B., & Harrison, G. K., 1990, Decalcification of Teeth in a Microwave oven. The Histochemical Journal, 22(4), 377-380. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00194832

[14].  Pitol, D. L., Caetano, F. H., & Lunardi, L. O., 2007, Microwave-Induced Fast Decalcification of Rat Bone For Electron Microscopic Analysis: An Ultrastructural And Cytochemical Study. Brazilian Dental Journal, 18(4), 153-157. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402007000400002

[15].  Wijnbergen, M., & Van Mullem, P. J., 1987, Effect of Histological Decalcifying Agents on Number and Stainability of Gram-Positive Bacteria. Journal of Dental Research, 66(5), 1029-1031. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660051401

[16].  Bourque, W. T., Gross, M. I., & Hall, B. K., 1993, A Histological Processing Technique that Preserves the Integrity of Calcified Tissues (bone, enamel), Yolky Amphibian Embryos, and Growth Factor Antigens in Skeletal Tissue. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, 41(9), 1429-1434. https://doi.org/10.1177/002215549304100909

[17].  Coleman, E. J., & Desalva, S. J., 1966, Rapid Decalcification for Histochemistry. Journal of Dental Research, 45(4), 1237-1240. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345660450041401

[18].  Warshawsky, H., & Moore, G., 1967, A Technique for the Fixation and Decalcification of Rat Incisors for Electron Microscopy. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, 15(9), 542-549. https://doi.org/10.1177/002215546701500904

[19].  Smith, C. E., 1980, Effect of Glutaraldehyde And Decalcifying Agents on Acid Phosphomonoester Hydrolase Activity in the Enamel Organ of the Rat Incisor: A Biochemical Study Comparing Enamel Organ With Liver. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, 28(7), 689-699. https://doi.org/10.1177/002215548002800707

[20].  Patil, C. R., & Uppin, V., 2011, Effect of Endodontic Irrigating Solutions on the Microhardness and Roughness of Root Canal Dentin: An In Vitro Study. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 22(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.84658

[21].  Slutzky-Goldberg, I., Liberman, R., & Heling, I., 2002, The Effect of Instrumentation with Two Different File Types, each with 2.5% NaOCl Irrigation on the Microhardness of Root Dentin. Journal of Endodontics, 28(4), 311-312. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200204000-00012

[22].  Oliveira, L. D., Carvalho, C. A., Nunes, W., Valera, M. C., Camargo, C. H., & Jorge, A. O., 2007, Effects of Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite on the Microhardness of Root Canal Dentin. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 104(4), 125-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.01.008

[23].  Cruz-Filho, A. M., Sousa-Neto, M. D., Savioli, R. N., Silva, R. G., Vansan, L. P., & Pécora, J. D., 2011, Effect of Chelating Solutions on the Microhardness of Root Canal Lumen Dentin. Journal of Endodontics, 37(3), 358-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2010.11.014