Abstract:

Child mortality in Africa is a pressing issue, particularly due to diarrhea and respiratory tract infections. These diseases are often transmitted through improper handwashing practices. This research aimed to identify the factors that influence handwashing habits and assess the availability of adequate facilities and water sources in primary schools in the Karongi district. A mixed-method approach was used to collect data from 583 students through structured questionnaires and 120 teachers through semi-structured interviews. Additionally, interviews with parents and community members were conducted to gain broader insights into community hygiene practices and support systems. Quantitative analysis using SPSS showed that promoting handwashing among school children reduces illness and absenteeism. Over two-thirds (67.2%) of students reported receiving effective support from their teachers, and another two-thirds (66.7%) stated that they wash their hands with soap and water. Moreover, close to another two-thirds (64%) of students acknowledged the importance of hygiene in disease prevention, and nearly two-thirds (60.9%) were aware of the health risks associated with poor hygiene. Qualitative findings revealed that while primary schools have sufficient hygiene facilities, there are challenges such as water shortages, inadequate hygiene resources, a limited number of washing stations, and water supply shortages. The study concludes that it is crucial to promote handwashing through educational campaigns to reduce disease transmission and improve the health outcomes of school children in Rwanda. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to address resource challenges in primary schools.

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