Understanding Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Low-Income Earners in Oshodi/Isolo Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria

Download Article

DOI: 10.21522/TIJPH.2013.12.02.Art027

Authors : Nurudeen Audu USMAN, Azeez Akintunde YUSUF, Olusoji David SHITTU

Abstract:

COVID-19 vaccines are vital for curbing the health impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection, yet many low-income earners in Nigeria are hesitant to get vaccinated despite accessibility. Community organizations play a key role in providing essential vaccine information and addressing hesitancy factors to promote acceptance. To understand low-income earners' knowledge, attitudes, and barriers towards COVID-19 vaccines, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Structured questionnaires with closed-ended questions were used for uniform data collection. Analysis involved Chi-square tests and logistic regression. 651 respondents participated, with the majority from Ejigbo (36.1%), Isolo (33.9%), and Oshodi (30.0%). Most were aged 26-35 (30.0%) or 36-45 (26.6%), and nearly equal gender representation was observed. Respondents' overall perception of COVID-19 vaccines was positive, with Ejigbo showing slightly higher positivity. Trust in scientists likely influenced this perception. Despite a willingness to take the vaccine, distrust in government programs and religious beliefs may hinder vaccination efforts. Targeted education initiatives are crucial, especially in communities where religious beliefs strongly influence decisions. Rebuilding trust with citizens is essential for higher vaccination rates. Addressing geographical, cultural, and socio-economic factors is vital for widespread vaccine acceptance and achieving community immunity against COVID-19.

References:

[1] Dong E., Du H., Gardner L., 2022. An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real-time. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20:533-4. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1

[2] World Bank. Global Economic Prospects. Washington, DC: World Bank, doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1758-8

[3] International Monetary Fund, 2021, Fault Lines Widen in the Global Recovery. World Economic Outlook Update.

[4] Hoogeveen J. G., Lopez-Acevedo G., eds., 2021, Distributional Impacts of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa Region. MENA Development Report. Washington, DC: World Bank,. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1776-2

[5] Ritchie H., Mathieu E., Rodés-Guirao L., et al., 2020, Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Available:https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus [Accessed 08 Mar 2022].

[6] World Population Review. Nigeria Population 2022 (Live). Accessed 7th January 2022

[7] NPHCDA. Welcome Message from the ED/CEO. Accessed 7th January 2022.

[8] Our World in Data. Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). Accessed 7th January 2022.

[9] Wang J., Jing R., Lai X., Zhang H., Lyu Y., Knoll M. D. et al., 2020, Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Vaccines (Basel). 2020;8(3): 482.

[10] Chan EY-Y, Cheng CK-Y, Tam GC-H, Huang Z, Lee P.Y., 2015, Willingness of future a/H7N9 influenza vaccine uptake: a cross-sectional study of Hong Kong community. Vaccine. 2015;33(38):4737–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.046.

[11] Wibawa T., 2021, COVID-19 vaccine research and development: ethical issues. Trop Med Int Heal. 2021;26(1):14–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13503.

[12] Reiter P. L., Pennell M. L., Katz M. L., 2020, Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among adults in the United States: how many people would get vaccinated? Vaccine. 2020;38(42):6500–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.043.

[13] Wang J, Jing R, Lai X, Zhang H, Lyu Y, Knoll MD et al. Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Vaccines (Basel). 2020;8(3): 482. PubMed| Google Scholar

[14] Graffigna G., Palamenghi L., Boccia S., Barello S., 2020, Relationship between Citizens´ Health Engagement and Intention to Take the COVID-19 Vaccine in Italy: A Mediation Analysis. Vaccines (Basel). 2020;8(4): 576. PubMed| Google Scholar

[15] Pogue K., Jensen J. L., Stancil C. K., Ferguson D. G., Hughes S. J., Mello E. J., et al.. 2020, Influences on Attitudes Regarding Potential COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States. Vaccines (Basel). 2020;8(4): 582. PubMed| Google Scholar

[16] Head K. J., Kasting M. L., Sturm L. A., Hartsock J. A., Zimet G. D., 2020, A National Survey Assessing SARSCoV-2 Vaccination Intentions: Implications for Future Public Health Communication Efforts. Science Communication. 2020;42(5): 698-723. Google Scholar

[17] Sherman S. M., Smith L. E., Sim J., Amlôt R., Cutts M., Dasch H. et al., 2021, COVID-19 vaccination intention in the UK: results from the COVID-19 vaccination acceptability study (CoVAccS), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(6): 1612-1621. PubMed| Google Scholar

[18] Reiter P. L., Pennell M. L., Katz M. L., 2020, Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among adults in the United States: How many people would get vaccinated? Vaccine. 2020;38(42): 6500-6507. PubMed| Google Scholar

[19] Biasio L. R., Bonaccorsi G., Lorini C., Pecorelli S., 2021 Assessing COVID-19 vaccine literacy: a preliminary online survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(5): 1304-1312. PubMed| Google Scholar

[20] Eastwood K., Durrheim D. N., Jones A., Butler M., 2010, Acceptance of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza vaccination by the Australian public. Med J Aust. 2010;192(1): 33-36. PubMed| Google Scholar

[21] World Health Organization (WHO)., 2020, Behavioural considerations for acceptance and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines: WHO technical advisory group on behavioural insights and sciences for health, meeting report. Accessed 7th January 2022.

[22] MacDonald N. E., 2015, Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015;33(34): 4161-4164. PubMed| Google Scholar

[23] Larson H. J., Jarrett C., Eckersberger E., Smith D. M. D., Paterson P., 2014, Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: A systematic review of published literature, 2007-2012. Vaccine. 2014;32(19): 2150-2159. PubMed| Google Scholar

[24] Harrison E. A., Wu J. W., 2020, Vaccine confidence in the time of COVID-19. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020;35(4): 325-330. PubMed| Google Scholar

[25] Puri N., Coomes E. A., Haghbayan H., Gunaratne K., 2020, Social media and vaccine hesitancy: new updates for the era of COVID-19 and globalized infectious diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;16(11): 2586-2593. PubMed| Google Scholar

[26] Moss J. L., Reiter P. L., Rimer B. K., Brewer N. T., Collaborative patient-provider communication and uptake of adolescent vaccines. Soc Sci Med. 2016 Jun;159: 100-7. PubMed| Google Scholar

[27] Gilkey M. B., Calo W. A., Moss J. L., Shah P. D., Marciniak M. W., Brewer N. T., 2016, Provider communication and HPV vaccination: The impact of recommendation quality. Vaccine. 2016;34(9): 1187-1192. PubMed| Google Scholar

[28] Lu P. J., Srivastav A., Amaya A., Dever J. A., Roycroft J., Kurtz M. S. et al., 2018, Association of provider recommendation and offer and influenza vaccination among adults aged ≥18 years - United States. Vaccine. 2018;36(6): 890-898. PubMed| Google Scholar

[29] World Health Organization (WHO)., 2020, Behavioural considerations for acceptance and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines: WHO technical advisory group on behavioural insights and sciences for health, meeting report, 15 October 2020. Accessed 7th January 2022.

[30] MacDonald N. E., 2015, Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015;33(34): 4161-4164.

[31] Larson H. J., Jarrett C., Eckersberger E., Smith DMD, Paterson P., 2014, Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: A systematic review of published literature, 2007-2012. Vaccine. 2014;32(19): 2150-2159.

[32] Bruce N., et al., 2008, Quantitative research methods for health research: a practical interactive guide to epidemiology and statistics. Chichester, U. K.: Wiley.

[33] CSPro (2023) Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro) Online Available https://www.census.gov/data/software/cspro.html (Accessed July 2023)

[34] Islam et al. BMC Public Health (2021) 21:1851 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11880-9.

[35] Ferdous M. Z., Islam M. S., Sikder M. T., Mosaddek ASM, Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Gozal D., 2021, Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: an online-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2020;15(10): e0239254. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239254

[36] Noushad M., Nassani M. Z., Koppolu P., Alsalhani A. B., Samran A., Alqerban A., Abusalim G. S., Barakat A., Alshalhoub M. B., Rastam S., 2021, Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Intention among the Saudi Arabian Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Vaccines. 2021;9:892. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9080892.