Recommendations from Cardiovascular Disease Research in Sub-Saharan Africa; A Literature Review
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in sub-Saharan
Africa (SSA) have been a major challenge over the past decade. This has increased
the mortality rate amongst the indigenous people of the sub-region. It is expected
that this constant CVDs increase could result in an eminent epidemic and lead to
high regional burdens due to the high number of Low-middle income countries in the
SSA. Despite this, there is, however a low level of literature and research focus
on CVDs in SSA, and this has created difficulty in advancing knowledge in this field
and hence policy makers and the scientific community are less informed in their
quest to fight against CVDs in SSA. This study is aimed at reviewing selected publications
on CVDs in SSA to identify important trends and recommendations that could guide
stake holders in properly developing the right strategies in reducing CVDs in SSA.
The study identified an eminent epidemic of CVDs in SSA and recommends that all
stake holders come on board the fight against CVDs. It is expected that the information
provided in this review can serve as a guide for future research towards improved
management of CVDs.
Keywords: Africa, Cardio diseases, Health,
Non-communicable.
References:
[1] W.H.O. (2016). Cardiovascular
Diseases, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds).
[2] Brodmann,
M., Cahill, T. J., Hil, D. P., Carapetis, J., Catapano, A. L., Chugh, S. S., Cooper,
L. T., & Coresh, J. (2020). Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases. 76(25).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010.
[3] Yuyun, M.
F., Sliwa, K., Kengne, A. P., Mocumbi, A. O., & Bukhman, G. (2020). Cardiovascular
Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa Compared to High-Income Countries: An Epidemiological
Perspective. Global Heart, 15(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.403.
[4] Mocumbi,
A. O. (2012). Lack of focus on cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiovascular
Diagnosis and Therapy, 2(1), 74–77. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2012.01.03.
[5] Chikafu,
H., & Chimbari, M. J. (2019). Cardiovascular disease healthcare utilization
in Sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030419.
[6] Snyder,
H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines.
Journal of Business Research, 104(August), 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039.
[7] Fezeu, L.,
Minkoulou, E., Balkau, B., Kengne, A. P., Awah, P., Unwin, N., Alberti, G. K. M.
M., & Mbanya, J. C. (2006). Association between socio-economic status and adiposity
in urban Cameroon. International Journal of Epidemiology, 35(1), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi214.
[8] Bongani,
M. M., Alan, J. F., Umesh, G. L., Freddy, S., Stephen, M. T., & Debbie, B. (2009).
The burden of non-communicable diseases in South Africa. In The Lancet (Vol. 12,
Issue 374, pp. 934–947).
[9] Cappuccio,
F. P., & Miller, M. A. (2016). Cardiovascular disease and hypertension in sub-Saharan
Africa: burden, risk and interventions. Internal and Emergency Medicine, 11(3),
299–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-016-1423-9.
[10] Zühlke,
L., Sliwa, K., Naidoo, P., Ntsinjana, H., Ntsekhe, M., Hellig, F., Smit, F., Jankelow,
D., Subahi, S., Dyer, R., Dau, E., & Ntusi, N. A. B. (2019). Cardiovascular
medicine and research in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and opportunities. Nature
Reviews Cardiology, 16 (11), 642–644. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-019-0269-z.
[11] Hamid, S.,
Groot, W., & Pavlova, M. (2019). Trends in cardiovascular diseases and associated
risks in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of the evidence for Ghana, Nigeria, South
Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania. Aging Male, 22(3), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2019.1582621.
[12] Ojji,
D. B., Lamont, K., Ojji, O. I., Egenti, B. N., & Sliwa, K. (2017). Primary
care in the prevention, treatment and control of cardiovascular disease in
sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 28(4), 251–256. https://doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2016-082.
[13] Amegah,
A. K. (2018). Tackling the Growing Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases in Sub-Saharan
Africa: Need for Dietary Guidelines. Circulation, 138(22), 2449–2451.
https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.118.037367.
[14] Ettarh,
R. (2016). Patterns of international collaboration in cardiovascular research in
sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 27(3), 194–200.
https://doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2015-082.
[15] Mensah,
G. A., Roth, G. A., Sampson, U. K. A., Moran, A. E., Feigin, V. L., Forouzanfar,
M. H., Naghavi, M., & Murray, C. J. L. (2015). Mortality from cardiovascular
diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis of data from the
Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 26(2),
S6–S10. https://doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2015-036.
[16] A Morana,
M. Forouzanfarb, U. S. et al. (2010). The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases
in
Sub-Saharan Africa: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors 2010
Study. NIH Public Access, 23(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2014.371.
[17] Nkoke, C.,
Jingi, A. M., Makoge, C., Teuwafeu, D., Nkouonlack, C., & Dzudie, A. (2019).
Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases related admissions in a referral hospital
in the Southwest region of Cameroon: A cross-sectional study in sub-Saharan Africa.
PLoS ONE, 14(12), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226644.