Review and Critical Evaluation of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Abstract:
This systematic
analysis seeks to describe the evidence regarding cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the recent, published,
professional literature. This systematic review addressed the question of the efficacy
of and evidence for CBT for the treatment of PTSD. The
review incorporates a comprehensive literature review, addresses the methodological
quality of the papers, and synthesizes the results by themes. After evaluation of the published and professional literature,
five themes; Result of CBT for PTSD, Alternatives to CBT for PTSD, CBT in practice,
Treatment of children, and CBT in tandem with medication.
11 published studies including qualitative interviews, randomized
control trials, and meta-analyses were examined. CBT proved to be instrumental in alleviating PTSD symptoms
in men who have been exposed to combat trauma, women who have experienced violence,
veterans who have gone through combat trauma and also have disorders due to addictions,
and young adults and children who have experienced trauma. Studies have shown that CBT works quite well in the case of couples
where one has been diagnosed with PTSD. CBT for PTSD
can be delivered face-to-face or by using telepsychiatry. CBT tends to have a higher success rate when carried out while
administering appropriate drugs. Also, carrying out CBT for PTSD can bring about stronger
relationships and post-traumatic stress growth.
Keywords: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Treatment.
References:
[1] Broderick,
P.C.& Blewitt, P. (2015). The Life Span: Human Development for Helping Professionals
(4th ed.) Pearson, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
[2] Charak R., Armour C., Elklit
A., Angmo D., Elhai J. D., & Koot H. M. (2014). Factor structure of PTSD, and relation
with gender in trauma survivors from India. European Journal of Psychotraumatology,
5,
1. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v5.25547.
[3] Foa, E.B., Zoellner, L.A.
&Feeny, N. C. (2006). An evaluation of three brief programs for facilitating
recovery after an assault. J Trauma Stress, 19(1),
29–43.
[4] Frueh, B.
C., Monnier, J., Grubaugh, A. L., Elhai, J. D., Yim, E., & Knapp, R. (2007).
Therapist Adherence and Competence with Manualized Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
for PTSD Delivered via Videoconferencing Technology. Behavior Modification, 31(6),
856–866. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445507302125.
[5] Gillies
D, Taylor F, Gray C, O’Brien L, D’Abrew N. Psychological therapies for the treatment
of post‐traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database
of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD006726. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006726.pub2.
[6] Hien, D.,
Levin, F., Ruglass, L., & Lopez-Castro, T. (2015). Enhancing the effects of
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for PTSD and alcohol use disorders with antidepressant
medication: A randomized clinical trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 146, e142–e142.
[7] Iverson,
K. M., Gradus, J. L., Resick, P. A., Suvak, M. K., Smith, K. F., & Monson, C.
M. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for PTSD and depression symptoms reduces
risk for future intimate partner violence among interpersonal trauma survivors.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(2), 193–202. https://doi-org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/10.1037/a0022512.
[8] Khan, A. M., Dar, S., Ahmed, R., Ramya, B., Mahwish, A., &Kotapati, V. P. (2018). Cognitive-behavioral therapy versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Cureus, 10(9) doi: http://dx.doi.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/10.7759/cureus.3250.
[9] Mcdevitt-Murphy,
M., Roberts, M., Barnett, J., & Sherman, M. (2011). Significant Other Enhanced
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for PTSD and Alcohol Misuse in OEF/OIF Veterans. Professional
Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(1), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022346.
[10] Monson CM, Fredman SJ, Macdonald A, Pukay-Martin ND, Resick PA, Schnurr PP. Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy for PTSD: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 2012;308(7):700–709. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.9307.
[11] National
Institute for Mental Health (2019). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Accessed at:
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd.shtml
Accessed on March 27, 2019.
[12] Olff M. (2016). Five years of
European Journal of Psychotraumatology.
European Journal of Psychotraumatology,
7,
31350. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.31350.
[13] Pérez Benítez,
C., Zlotnick, C., Gomez, J., Rendón, M., & Swanson, A. (2013). Cognitive-behavioral
therapy for PTSD and somatization: an open trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy,
51(6), 284–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.02.005.
[14] Prochaska,
J.O., Norcross, J.C. (2018). Systems of Psychotherapy (9th Ed.) New York,
NY: Oxford University Press.
[15] Christiansen, D.M.,
Hansen, M. and Elklit, A. (2014) Correlates of Coping Styles in an Adolescent
Trauma Sample. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 7, 75-85.
[16] Rose SC,
Bisson J, Churchill R, Wessely S. Psychological debriefing for preventing post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 2. Art.
No.: CD000560. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000560.
[17] Shnaider,
P., Pukay, M. N. D., Fredman, S. J., Macdonald, A., & Monson, C. M. (2014).
Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy for PTSD on Partners’ Psychological
Functioning. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27(2), 129–136. https://doi-org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/10.1002/jts.21893.
[18] van der Meer C. A. I., Bakker
A., Smit A. S., van Buschbach S., den Dekker M., Westerveld G. J., Olff M. (2017).
Gender and
age differences in trauma and PTSD among Dutch treatment-seeking police officers.
Journal of Nervous & Mental
Disease, 205(2),
87–2. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000562.
[19] Wagner,
A., Torbit, L., Jenzer, T., Landy, M., Pukay‐Martin, N., Macdonald, A., Monson,
C. (2016). The Role of Posttraumatic Growth in a Randomized Controlled Trial of
Cognitive–Behavioral Conjoint Therapy for PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress,
29(4), 379–383. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22122.
[20] Zayfert,
C., &Deviva, J. (2004). Residual insomnia following cognitive behavioral therapy
for PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(1), 69–73. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOTS.0000014679.31799.e7.