Abstract:

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a condition in which urine culture reveals the presence of more than 10⁵ bacteria per millilitre but without the patient showing signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). In many of the health care facilities in Ghana, routine screening for ASB among pregnant woman is not done despite overwhelming evidence clearly demonstrating its benefits in preventing UTI and the associated adverse pregnancy outcome. It is a common problem in pregnant women, which usually results in maternal and fetal complications. The majority of the participant were in the age range of 25 years to 34 years, and all the participants had basic education. Out of the 134 sterile urine samples cultured, 11 of the participants had bacteria isolated from their urine, given a prevalence of 8.2%. Escherichia coli were 63.6%, Nitrofurantoin was 81.8% sensitive to all bacteria isolated, and Cotrimoxazole was the most resistant antibiotic with 72.7%. Factors associated with ASB in Akuapem North District were toilet facility, multiple pregnancy, and any medical condition, which were statistically significant at the bivariate analysis level. After adjusting these factors with the multiple logistics regression, only multiple pregnancy was statistically significant. The study revealed an 8.2% prevalence of ASB among pregnant women with E. coli, the predominate bacteria with 63.6%. Nitrofurantoin, 81.8% sensitive, and Cotrimoxazole was the most resistant antibiotics with 72.7%. Multiple pregnancy was associated with Asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women at Akuapem North District.

Keywords: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria, Pregnant Women, Urine Culture, Urinary Tract Infection.

References:

[1] Szweda, H., & Jóźwik, M. J. D. P. M. (2016). Urinary tract infections during pregnancy-an updated overview. 20(4), 263-272.

[2] Scort, JR., E.D.whitefeaded and H.M Naghes, 1990. Dan Forty Obstertrics and Gynaecology.6th Edn, McGraw Hill Boston,pp:60-80.

[3] Ortega-González, Y., & Castro-Diaz, D. J. C. B. D. R. (2014). Antibiotic considerations for urinary tract infections in pregnancy. 9(3), 167-174.

[4] Samuel, O., Victoria, O., & Ifeanyi, O. J. U. J. o. C. M. (2016). Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among the pregnant women receiving antenatal care at federal medical centre Owerri, Nigeria. 4(1), 1-5.

[5] Akerele, P. A., F. Okonofua, J , & Gynaecology. (2001). Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Benin City, Nigeria. Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology, 21(2), 141-144.

[6] Ugbogu, O. (2007). Asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria. Med. Sci., 7(4), 698-700.

[7] Labi, A., Yawson, A., Ganyaglo, G., & Newman, M. (2015). Prevalence and associated risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria in ante-natal clients in a large teaching hospital in Ghana. Ghana medical journal, 49(3), 154-158.

[8] Blomberg, B., Olsen, B. E., Hinderaker, S. G., Langeland, N., Gasheka, P., Jureen, R., Midtvedt, T. (2005). Antimicrobial resistance in urinary bacterial isolates from pregnant women in rural Tanzania: implications for public health. Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases, 37(4), 262-268.

[9] http://www.easternregion.gov.gh/index.php/profile/.

[10] Turpin, C., Minkah, B., Danso, K., & Frimpong, E. J. G. m. j. (2007). Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at komfo anokye teaching hospital, Kumasi, ghana. 41(1), 26.

[11] Debebe, S. (2005). Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women in Harar, South Eastern Ethiopia. Addis Ababa University.

[12] Abdullahi, H. I., & Thairu, Y. J. I. J. o. P. (2015). Asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women attending antenatal: evaluation of screening test. 5(8), 41-47.

[13] Schnarr, J., & Smaill, F. J. E. j. o. c. i. (2008). Asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections in pregnancy. 38, 50-57.

[14] Mohamed, N. R., Omar, H. H. H., & Abd-Allah, I. M. J. I.-J. (2017). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infection among Pregnant Women in Ismailia City, Egypt. 6(3), 62-72.

[15] Çelen, Ş., Oruç, A. S., Karayalçin, R., Saygan, S., Ünlü, S., Polat, B., . . . gynecology. (2011). Asymptomatic bacteriuria and antibacterial susceptibility patterns in an obstetric population. 2011.

[16] Amiri, M., Lavasani, Z., Norouzirad, R., Najibpour, R., Mohamadpour, M., Nikpoor, A. R., . . . Marzouni, H. Z. (2015a). Prevalence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women and its complications in their newborns during the birth in the hospitals of Dezful city, Iran, 2012-2013. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 17(8).

[17] Emamghorashi, F., Mahmoodi, N., Tagarod, Z., & Heydari, S. T. (2012). Maternal urinary tract infection as a risk factor for neonatal urinary tract infection. Iranian journal of kidney diseases, 6(3), 178.

[18] Masinde, A., Gumodoka, B., Kilonzo, A., & Mshana, S. (2009). Prevalence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania. Tanzania journal of health research, 11(3).

[19] Abdullahi, H. I., & Thairu. (2015). Asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women attending antenatal: evaluation of screening test. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 5(8), 41-47.

[20] Mobsheri, E., Tabbraei, A., Ghaemei, E., Moujerlou, M., Vakili, M., Dastforooshan, M., & Gholamei, S. (2002). Distribution of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women Referring to Dezyani Hospital in Gorgan.

[21] Mobsheri, E., Tabbraei, A., Ghaemei, E., Moujerlou, M., Vakili, M., Dastforooshan, M., & Gholamei, S. (2002). Distribution of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women Referring to Dezyani Hospital in Gorgan.

[22] Nahum, G. G., Uhl, K., Kennedy, D. L. J. O., & Gynecology. (2006). Antibiotic use in pregnancy and lactation: what is and is not known about teratogenic and toxic risks. 107(5), 1120-1138.

[23] Sorlozano, A., Jimenez-Pacheco, A., del Castillo, J. d. D. L., Sampedro, A., Martinez-Brocal, A., Miranda-Casas, C., Gutiérrez-Fernández, J. (2014). Evolution of the resistance to antibiotics of bacteria involved in urinary tract infections: a 7-year surveillance study. American journal of infection control, 42(10), 1033-1038.

[24] Tellapragada, C., Eshwara, V. K., Bhat, P., Acharya, S., Kamath, A., Bhat, S., Health, P. (2016).
Risk factors for preterm birth and low birth weight among pregnant Indian women: a hospital-based prospective study. Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(3), 165.

[25] Andabati, G., & Byamugisha, J. J. A. h. s. (2010). Microbial aetiology and sensitivity of asymptomatic bacteriuria among ante-natal mothers in Mulago hospital, Uganda. 10(4).