Abstract:

Breast cancer is the top most cancer in women both in the developed and the developing world. The incidence of breast cancer is increasing in the developing world due to increase life expectancy, increase urbanization and adoption of western lifestyles (WHO 2018). It starts when cells in the breast begin to grow out of control. These cells usually form a tumor that can often be seen on an x-ray or felt as a lump. The tumor is malignant (cancer) if the cells can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body (American cancer society 2017).

It is the most common cause of death and the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women in 140 of 184 countries worldwide (Mesfin, Dagne, Roza and Hailu, 2016). Globally, over 1.15million cases of breast cancer are diagnosed every year and about 502,000 women have died from the disease each year, making it the second only to lung cancer as the cause of cancer related deaths among women (WHO 2013). The American Cancer Society in 2015 reported an estimated number of new cases of breast cancer in women in the United States to be 231,840 with an estimated death of 40,290.

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