Abstract:

This study was conducted among 500 exclusively breast-feeding women in Ife Central Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to assess the pattern of resumption of menstruation, identify the determinants of variations in the resumption of menstruation and determine the proportion of women at risk of pregnancy. Quantitative data was collected using semi- structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS (version 20). Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses done. Chi-Square were used where appropriate. P value was set at < 0.05 Four sessions of Focus Group Discussion were held. Results showed that 50 % were sexually active 125 (25%) were using Modern Contraceptive which included Condom (75); IUCD (25); Injectables (25); Implanon (10). Majority relied on Lactational amenorrhea method 375 (75%). Unplanned Pregnancy occurred among those 4 women not on contraception. Three-quarter of the primiparous women breastfed their babies every 2-3 hours day and night. Majority of multiparous women breast feed mostly on demand. Only increasing age and parity is positively associated with early resumption of menses. In conclusion increasing age and increasing parity increases risks of early menstrual resumption.

Keywords: menstrual resumption, pregnancy risk.

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Abstract:

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is rising globally. Yet, paucity of data exists on factors associated with its control at primary care level. Aim was to explore patient factors associated with type 2 diabetes control. Objectives were to describe the socio-demographics, proportion of diabetic control and associations between control and factors. Methods: The site was in Daveyton township and eight satellite clinics, Ekurhuleni, South Africa. A cross-sectional descriptive study systematically selected 200 participants by picking every third patient attending review from March to June 2015. A questionnaire covering socio-demographics, diabetes information, physical activities, depressive symptoms, blood pressure, weight, height and glycated hemoglobin was administered by researchers. Microsoft excel, and strata 13 software were used for data capture and analysis. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables with control. Logistic regression was used for binary variables and to compare relationships. P-values of <0.05 was statistically significant. Results and analysis: Good control was 36% (n=72), significantly associated with mean age of 65 (p=0.001), formal housing (p=0.020) or income (p=0.001). Hypertension (p=0.056), normal weight (p=0.056) and physical activities (p=0.059) were not significant. Poor control was 64% (n=128) and significantly associated with younger mean age of 55.66 (p=0.001) and informal housing (p=0.020). Neither good nor poor control was observed with depression, compliance, co-morbidities and complications. Conclusion: Older patients were more likely to be controlled compared to younger ones. To improve care, effort should focus on younger patients. Further studies should be conducted on depression and glycaemic control.

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