Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis of the Head and Neck Region in Pediatric Populationan
![](https://www.texilajournal.com/thumbs/article/Pediatric_Populationan.jpg)
Abstract:
Tuberculosis is the
most common communicable disease world wide. In this era of immune-compromising
disease like acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is necessary to have
knowledge of the different presenting features of various rare manifestation of
tuberculosis. Young individuals are more prone to such lesion because lack of
immunity, close grouping with infected patients and the general increased
chances of varying presentation in such patients. This study groups together
rare presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis of the head and neck region in
an effort to increase the recognition of this disease.
References:
[1.] Abbot, J. N., Briney, A. T. and Denam, S. A (1995).
Recovery of tubercle bacilli from mouth washings of tuberculous dental patients.
Am Dent Assoc, 50, 49-52
[2.] Adeel, A., Butt, M.B (1997). Nasal tuberculosis in the
20th century. Am J Med Sci,, 313(6);332-335
[3.] Alwarez, S., Mc Cabe, W (1984).Extra pulmonary
tuberculosis revisited:a review of experience at Boston City and other
hospitals. Medicine(Balt), 63(1)25-55
[4.] Batra, K., Chaudhary, N., Motwani, G., Rai, A. K
(2002). An unusual case of primary nasal tuberculosis with epistaxis and
epilepsy. Ear Nose Throat J, 81(12);842-844
[5.] Brennan, T. F. , Vrabec, D. P (1970).Tuberculosis of
the oral mucosa report of a case. Ann Oto Rhinol Laryngol, 80, 601-605
[6.] Brodsky, R. H., Klattel, J. S (1943).The tuberculosis
of dental periapical granulomas. Am Orthod Oral Sung, 29, 498-502
[7.] Cantrell, R. W., Jensen, J. H., Reid, D (1975).Diagnosis
and management of tuberculous cervical adenitis. Arch Otolaryngol, 101,
53-57.
[8.] Chapotel(1993).Tuberculose mandibulaire.Rev
Odontol, 5, 444-454
[9.] Eng, H. L., Lu, S. Y., Yang, C. H., Chen, W.J (1996).
Oral tuberculosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod , 81(4),
415-20
[10.] Fujimoto, T., Morishima, T., Ueda, M (1996).Probable
BCG Osteomylitis of the hard palate; a case report. Int J Oral Maxilofac
Surg, (2),145-146
[11.] Junquera Gutierrez, L. M., Alonso Vaquero, D.,
Albertos Castro, J. M., Palacios Gutierrez. J. J., Vicente Rodriguez, J. C
(1996).Primary tuberculosis of the oral cavity. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxilofac,
97(1),3-6
[12.] Kanlikama, M.,Mumbuc, S., Bayazit, Y., Sirikci, A
(2000).Management strategy of mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis. J
Laryngol Otol,114(4), 274-278.
[13.] Kobayashi, T., Sato, M., Onoi, Y., Ohshiro, S.,
Nishii, K., Ishihira, T et al (1997). A case of pulmonary tuberculosis
complicated with gingival lesions. Kekkaku,72(6),411-414
[14.] Kolokotronis, A., Antoniadis Trigonidis, D.,
Papanagiotou, G (1996).Oral tuberculosis. Oral Dis,2(3);242-243
[15.] Lbekwe, A.O., al Sharref, Z., al Kindy, S (1997).
Diagnostic problems of tuberculous cervical adenitis (scrofula).Am J
Otolaryngol, 18, 202-205.
[16.] Mann, N. J (1985). Tuberculosis initially diagnosed by
asymptomatic oral lesions; report of three cases oral.J Oral Med, 40(1),
39-42
[17.] Mignogna, M. D., Muzio, L. L., Favia, G.(2006), Ruoppo
E, Sammartino G, Zarrelli C et al.Oral tuberculosis ,a clinical evaluation of
42 cases. Oral Dis, 6(1), 25-30
[18.] Murray, A., Gardiner, D. S., McGuiness, R. J
(1996).Primary mycobacterial infection of the uvula. The J Laryngol and
Otol(1998). Dhamgaye TM. Nasal tuberculosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,
114(6), 841-842
[19.] Nakajima, H (1993). Tuberculosis, a global emergency .
World Health Organisation, 46:3
[20.] Nunn, P., Mugnai, M., Nyamuraya, J., Giecheha, C.,
Brindle, R. J., Dunn, D. T. et al (1994).The effects of human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 on the infectiousness of Tubercle bacilli. Tuber Lung
Dis,75(1), 25-32
[21.] Rohwedder, J.J (1974).Upper respiratory tract
tuberculosis. Sixteen cases in general hospital. Ann Intern Med, 80:708-713
[22.] Sierra, C., Fortun, J., Pais, J., Gomez-Mampaso
(1992). E.Tuberculosis del paladar sin afectaction pulmonary. Enf Infec
Microbiol Clin,, 10(8), 509-510
[23.] Shafer, W. G., Hine, M.K. , Levy, B. M (1993).A text
book of oral pathology (4thedition).WB Saunders Company;Philadelphia.
[24.] Spilka, C. J.(1995)Tuberculosis of the mandible-report
of a case oral. Sung Oral Med Oral Pathol,13, 68-70
[25.] Sloane, M. F (1996).Mycobacterial lymphadenitis. In:
Rom WN, Garay SM,(editors).Tuberculosis. Boston/New York/Toronto/London: Little.
Brown and Company, pp.577-583
[26.] S.L., Robbins, Cottan, R. S.(1979) Pathologic basis of
disease, Philadelphia. WB Saunders Co, pp.396-397.
[27.] Toren, A. , Ackerstein, A., Gazit, D., Or, R.,Ravesh,
D., Kupolovicz, U et al (1996).Oral tuberculosis following autologous bone
marrow transplantation for Hodgkin’s disease with interleukin-2 and alpha
interferon immunotherapy. Bone Marrow Transplant, 18(1), 209-210.
[28.] Thilander, H., Wennstrom, A (1956). Tuberculosis of
the mouth and surrounding tissues oral. Surg Oral Med and Oral Pathol, 9,
858-870
[29.] Weir, M., Thosnton, G (1985). Extrapulmonary
tuberculosis. Am J Med, 79, 467-476
[30.] William, R., Douglas-Jones, T (1995).Mycobacterium
marches back. JLaryngol Otol, 109, 5-13