Abstract:

The discovery of X-ray in 1895 was promptly followed by concerted efforts in developing contrast agents for pacification of blood vessels, hollow organs and delineation of tumors from normal tissues and diagnosis of other diseases. But these efforts have been met by challenges of adverse reactions due to mismatch of the biochemical characteristics of the contrast agents and the physiological medium of the human body.

However, research efforts have yielded remarkable progress in the quality of contrast agents in current use, while improved understanding of possible risk factors have equally necessitated procedural strategies aimed at mitigating the prevalence in medical imaging practice. Presently, the qualities of contrast media in use have drastically reduced the incidence of adverse reactions; but have not eliminated them.

This paper therefore reviews the early efforts in the development of suitable contrast media for medical imaging, identified risk factors for adverse reactions and research proven considerations for reducing the incidence in Radiography practice.

Keywords: Iodinated contrast agents, evolution, Toxicity, Radiography practice.

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