Assessment of some haematological parameters among pre-treatment, 2 months, 4 months and 6 months treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis infected individuals in anambra state university teaching hospital, awka. anambra state, nigeria

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Authors : Michael Olugbamila Dada, Umeh O.E, Ifeanyichukwu O.M, Uche Okudo, Ngozi Ezema

Abstract:

This present study was designed to assess the level of some hematological parameters among pretreatment pulmonary tuberculosis infected patients, treatment in 2 months, 4 months, 6 months pulmonary tuberculosis infection and control, non-infected subjects in Anambra State University Teaching Hospital, Awka. Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of 220 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) infected subjects aged 18 – 60 were recruited for the study. Hundred (100) subjects were in their pretreatment stage (group B), and 40 each in their 2 months (group C), 4 months (group D) and 6 months (group E) treatment stages. Eighty (80) non PTB subjects served as control. Blood samples collected from the subjects were used for the determination of Haemoglobin concentration (g/dl), packed cell volume (l/l), Mean cell haemoglobin concentration (g/dl), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/hr), platelet count (x109/l), total white blood count (x109/l), absolute neutrophil count (x109/l), absolute lymphocyte count (x109/l) and absolute monocyte count (x109/l) using standard laboratory methods for analysis as described by Dacie and Lewis[1]. Tuberculosis diagnosis was carried out using Ziehl Neelsen technique. The result showed that the mean ±SD Haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume were significantly lower in pretreatment PTB subjects than the Post treatment subjects (P<0.05 in each case). The mean ±SD mean cell haemoglobin concentration showed no significant difference among the groups. The mean ±SD ESR in pretreatment subjects was significantly higher than the control and post treatment subjects. The mean (±SD) platelet count (x109/l), TWBC (x109/l) and ANC (x109/l) were significantly higher while the ALC (x109/l) was significantly lower respectively in pretreatment PTB patients compared with the control subjects and post treatment PTB subjects (P <0 .05 in each case). The mean (±SD) AMC (x109/l) showed no significant difference when compared among the groups (P<0.05).

The result of the present study shows that haemoglobin and packed cell volume in pulmonary tuberculosis patients were reduced while Erythrocyte is increased. Thus indicating anemia of chronic disease. It also showed that platelet count, total white blood count and absolute neutrophil count are increased while absolute lymphocyte count is decreased in pulmonary tuberculosis infection.

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