Abstract:

Nephrotoxicity is the third most common problem of the renal system. Medicinal plants potentially useful for the treatment of severe renal disorders. In the present study, the effect of aqueous, ethanol and acetone extract of Andrographis paniculata leaves was evaluated by pretreating three groups of rat animals. Renal failure was induced by antibiotic drug gentamicin which was orally administered to group II animals and untreated control model was maintained. After oral administration for 10 days, serum levels of urea, uric acid, creatinine and total protein were assayed. All the biochemical parameters were significantly controlled (p<0.01 and p<0.001) on 10^th day after the treatment of aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts as compared than the gentamicin induced nephrotoxic animals (p<0.05). Maximum nephroprotection was offered by the ethanol extract of A. paniculata leaves (p<0.001). The histological structure of renal was observed by staining with haemotoxylin- eosin viewed using light microscope. Gentamicin treated animals showed acute tubular necrosis due the injury in kidney. In aqueous, ethanol and acetone extract treated animals showed histopathological changes in renal revealed the nephroprotective activity of A. paniculata leaves. Finally, ethanol extract of A. paniculata was more suitable for nephroprotective action against gentamicin induced renal failure was evidenced by biochemical estimation and by restoration of histological changes of renal system.

Keywords: Kidney, Nephroprotection, Andrographis paniculata, Herbal Medicine.

References:

[1].       Anil Kumar, Jyotsna Dora, Anup Singh and Rishikant Tripathi, A review on king of bitter (Kalmegh), International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2012; 2(1): 116-124.

[2].       Alam M, Khan H, Samiullah L, and Shakir Jamil S, Nephroptrotective activities of herbal plants and their products- a review, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 2013; 5(9): 032-049.

[3].       Boneses RN and Taussk HA On the colorimetric determination of creatinine by the Jaffe reaction. J. Biol. Chem, 1945; 158: 581-591.

[4].       Bhavani R, Nandhini S, Rojalakshmi B, Shobana Rand Rajeshkumar S, Effect of noni (Morindacitrifolia) extract on treatment of ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride induced kidney disease, International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research, 2014; 5(6): 249-256.

[5]. Gardner CR, Laskin JD, Dambach DM, Sacco M, Durham SK, Bruno Mk, Choen SD, Gordon MK, Gerecke DR, Zhou P and Laskin DL. Reduced hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase: potential role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2002; 184: 27-36.

[6]. Hall JE. Text Book of Medical Physiology. 12 ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2011; 307-326.

[7]. Klose S., Stoltz M., Munz E., Portenhauser R., Determination of uric acid on continuous flow (Autoanlyser II and SMA) systems with a uricase/phenol/ 4.amino phenazine color test. ClinChem, 1978; 24(2): 250-255.

[8]. Lowry O H., Rosebrough N J., Lewisfarr A., Randall R J., Protein measurement with the Folin’s phenol reagent. J. BiolChem, 1951; 193: 265-275.

[9]. Mohana Lakshmi S, UshaKiran Reddy T, and Sandhya Rani KS,A review on medicinal plants for nephroprotective activity, Asian J Pharm Clin Res, 2012; 5(4): 8-14

[10]. Movaliya V, Khamar D and Manjunath Setty M, Nephro-protective activity of aqueous extract of Aerva javanica roots in Cisplatin induced renal toxicity in ratsPharmacologyonline1, 2011; 68-74.

[11]. Natelson S., Scott ML., Beffa C., A rapid method for the estimation of urea in biological fluid. Am JClin Pathol, 1951; 21: 275-281.

[12]. Newton J, Hoefle D, Gemborys M, Mugede G and Hook J, Metabolism and excretion of a glutathione conjugate of acetaminophen in the isolated rat kidney. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1996; 237: 519-524.

[13]. Porter GA and Bennett WM. Nephrotoxic acute renal failure due to common drugs American journal of Physiology, 1981; 241(7): F1-F8.

[14]. Okokon JE, Nwafor PA, Noah K, Nephroprotective effect of Croton zambesicusroot extract against gentamicin-induced kidney injury, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2011; 969-972.

[15]. Ramesh K, Manohar S and Rajeshkumar S, Nephroprotective activity of Ethanolic Extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Leaves on Ethylene Glycol induced Urolithiasis in Albino Rats, Int.J.PharmTech Res, 2014, 6(1): 403-408.

[16]. Singh RP, Shokala KP, Pandey BL Singh RG, Usha Singh RH. Recent Approach in Clinical Experimental Evaluation of Diuretic Action of Punarnava (B. diffusa) with Special Reference to Nephrotic Syndrome. Journal of Research and Education in India Medicine, 1992; 7(1): 29‐35.

[17]. Sarumathy K, M.S. Dhana Rajan, T. Vijay, J. Jayakanthi, Evaluation of phytoconstituents, nephro-protectiveand antioxidant activities of Clitoriaternatea, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2011; 01(05): 164-172.

[18]. Saumya R. pani, Satyaranjan Mishra, Sabujsahoo and prasana K. Panda, Protective effect of herbal drug in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity, Indian journal of pharmacology, 2011; 43(2): 200–202.

[19]. Trumper L, Monasterolo LA and Elias MM. Probenecid protects against in vitro acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeat., 1998; 283: 606-610.