Abstract:

Zika virus is an arthropod-borne flavivirus, related to other flaviviruses such as dengue virus, yellow fever virus, and West Nile virus. Though Zika virus was first isolated in 1947, virus remained in relative obscurity for nearly 70 years. The epidemiology of Zika virus changed since 2007 when an outbreak occurred on Yap Island of the Federated States of Micronesia. Then, Zika virus was introduced into Brazil from the Pacific Islands and spread rapidly throughout the Americas. Zika virus has infected over a million people in the countries of South and Central America. Zika virus infection generally leads to self limiting mild, febrile illness. However, many of the recent outbreaks were linked to upsurge in cases of Guillan Barré syndrome and a rise in infants born with microcephaly. Because of these complications and rapid spread of the Zika virus infections, the world health organization declared Zika fever as a public health emergency of international concern. This review describes the current understanding about the transmission, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis of Zika virus infection.

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