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Local Content Policies in Petroleum-Rich Nations: A Comparative View of Four CountriesAuthor: Visham BudhooDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.01.Art001
Local Content Policies in Petroleum-Rich Nations: A Comparative View of Four Countries
Abstract:
Local Content Policies (LCPs) are essential for enhancing socio-economic benefits in the oil, gas, and mining sectors. This paper compares the LCPs of Guyana, Angola, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago, focusing on their objectives, regulatory frameworks, and impacts. Guyana, with its recent oil discoveries, emphasizes local participation, while Angola and Nigeria implement stricter policies to maximize benefits from their established industries. Trinidad and Tobago prioritize sustainable development and local ownership, reflecting a more holistic approach to resource management. Angola and Nigeria's LCPs aim to enforce local participation and boost economic returns, but they face challenges like regulatory complexities and enforcement issues. In contrast, Trinidad and Tobago seeks to balance economic growth with environmental considerations, promoting collaboration among government, businesses, and communities. This inclusive approach may serve as a model for other countries aiming to enhance their LCP effectiveness. The study highlights common challenges across these nations, such as inconsistencies in regulations and enforcement difficulties that can limit LCP success. To improve outcomes, the paper recommends strengthening governance frameworks focused on transparency and accountability. By assessing the impacts of LCPs on job creation and economic development, the research aims to guide policymakers in ensuring fairer benefit distribution from natural resource exploitation.
Local Content Policies in Petroleum-Rich Nations: A Comparative View of Four Countries
References:
[1]. Abe, Oyeniyi, 2022, Local Content Requirements in Nigeria’s Extractive Sector and the Implications for Sustainable Development. University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, U
[2]. Atsegbua, L., 2012, The Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act 2010: An examination of its regulatory framework. 36 OPEC Energy Review, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, vol. 36(4), pages 479-494. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1234&context=ijamt
[3]. Balouga, J., 2015, Nigerian content: Challenges and prospects. International Association for Energy Economics, Third Quarter, pp.23-26. Retrieved 20th June 2018 from https://www.iaee.org/en/publication/newsletterdl.aspx?id=176
[4]. Baluch, N., Rambarran, R., 2019, Understanding Local Content Policy in Guyana’s Oil & Gas Sector. A Critical Overview. University of Guyana: School of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation Guyana Diaspora and Entrepreneurship Conference
[5]. Bhagwandin, J., 2022, CPSO’s threat to challenge Guyana’s Local Content Act. Oil and Gas Analysis. OILNOW. Retrieved from https://oilnow.gy/featured/cpsos-threat-to-challenge-guyanas-local-content-act/
[6]. Cruz, C. S., & Bruno, S. D. P., 2024, Oil & Gas Laws and Regulations Angola. Retrieved from https://iclg.com/practice-areas/oil-and-gas-laws-and-regulations/angola
[7]. Chatham House., 2017, Local Content in the Oil and Gas Sector: What Works? Retrieved from https://www.chathamhouse.org/publication/local-content-oil-and-gas-sector-what-works
[8]. Claire, A. B., 2017, CHAPTER 12- Role of Angolan Local Content Requirements. GOMILEX. HAL-01792311. Retrieved from https://hal.science/hal-01792311
[9]. Country Commercial Guide, 2024, Angola Oil and Gas Overview. International Trade Administration. Retrieved from https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/angola-oil-and-gas
[10]. Cerbusca, V., 2015, Financing SME future development. Economy and Sociology, 139-142. Retrieved from https://oaji.net/articles/2015/1568-1443602986.pdf
[11]. Energy Brief, 2022, Gas-To-Energy Project Overview (PG30). Patroleum.gov.gy. Retrieved from https://petroleum.gov.gy/sites/default/files/2022-02/Guyana%20Energy%20Brief%20-%202022.pdf
[12]. Heum, P., Kasande, R., Ekern, O. and Nyombi, A., 2011, Policy and Regulatory. Frameworks to Enhance Local Content. Institute for Research in Economics and Business Administration, Bergen. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a0897d40f0b652dd000246/60739_Local_Content_Frameworks.pdf
[13]. International Energy Agency (IEA), 2020, Guyana: Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/reports/guyana-energy-policies-beyond-iea-countries
[14]. Morales, M., Herrera, J. and Jarrín, S., 2016, Local Content Frameworks in Latin American Oil and Gas Sectors: Lessons from Ecuador and Colombia. ELLA Programme. Practical Action Latin America, Lima and Grupo Faro, Retrieved from https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume17/5-Local-Content-in-Latin-American.pdf
[15]. Natural Resource Governance Institute, 2015, Local Content, Strengthening the Local Economy and Workforce. Retrieved from https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/nrgi_Local-Content.pdf
[16]. Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Act Chapter 320 of 1977, 1990, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
[17]. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2014, Policy Framework for Investment: The Role of Local Content Requirements in the Oil and Gas Sector. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/investment/policy-framework-for-investment/PFI-Oil-Gas-Local-Content-Requirements.pdf
[18]. Petroleum Act No. 62.01., 1969, Laws of Trinidad and Tobago, amended 46 of 1969. Retrieved from: https://www.energy.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/The-Petroleum-Act.pdf
[19]. Petroleum Production Levy and Subsidy Act Chapter 62:02., 1974, Act 14 of 1974 of Trinidad and Tobago. Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Petroleum-Production-Levy-and-Subsidy-Act-62.02.pdf
[20]. Review of World Energy, 2022, 71st edition. Centre for Energy Economics Research and Policy, Heriot-Watt University, London. Retrieved from https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.pdf
[21]. Strong, C. B., 2021, The Oil and Gas Law Review, Ninth Edition. United Kingdom, London. Retrieved from https://www.cuatrecasas.com/resources/the-oil-and-gas-law-review-angola-ninth-edition-the-law-reviews-61cb550441d90321054581.pdf?v1.74.1.20240516
[22]. Tordo, S. Warner, M. Manzano, O. E. and Anouti, Y., 2013, Local Content Policies in the Oil and Gas Sector. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
[23]. UNCTAD, 2020, Local content policies in the oil, gas, and mining sectors. Retrieved from https://unctad.org/topic/trade-analysis/mining-and-commodities/local-content
[24]. UNCTAD, 2013, Local Content Policies in the Oil and Gas Sector. Retrieved from https://unctad.org/webflyer/local-content-policies-oil-and-gas-sector
[25]. Vincent, M., Udeorah., Sylvester., 2018, Local Content Policy and Entrepreneurs in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry: Determinants of Compliance and Implication for the Economy. 2454-6186.
[26]. Zhang, A. & Measham, T. G., 2018, Preconditions for social license: The importance of information in the initial engagement.172 Journal of Cleaner Production. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/35127126/Preconditions_for_social_licence_The_importance_of_information_in_initial_engagement
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Impact of AI Technologies in Optimizing Manufacturing Processes in Manufacturing Industry in NigeriaAuthor: Osita AmaugoDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.01.Art002
Impact of AI Technologies in Optimizing Manufacturing Processes in Manufacturing Industry in Nigeria
Abstract:
This research examined the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies on optimizing manufacturing processes in Nigeria's manufacturing industry, emphasising critical outcomes such as efficiency, productivity, and product quality. Data were obtained using structured questionnaires from a sample of 301 respondents from Dangote Cement Plc. and Nigerian Breweries Plc. The outcomes were examined using multiple regression models. The results indicated a substantial positive correlation between AI adoption and manufacturing efficiency, with AI facilitating enhancements in operational performance, minimising downtime, and improving decision-making. The investigation indicated that bigger organisations achieve better productivity enhancements from AI owing to their ability to absorb early expenses, while the skill level of the workforce further intensifies the advantages of AI integration. Furthermore, AI markedly enhanced product quality through real-time monitoring and predictive analytics. These findings align with worldwide literature, emphasising AI's transformational capacity in the manufacturing industry. The research determined that the adoption of AI is crucial for attaining competitive advantages in Nigeria's manufacturing sector and advised focused investments in infrastructure, workforce development, and conducive government policies to promote extensive AI integration.
Impact of AI Technologies in Optimizing Manufacturing Processes in Manufacturing Industry in Nigeria
References:
[1]. Akinola, A. A., 2023, Economic and regulatory factors influencing AI adoption in Nigerian manufacturing. International Journal of Technology Management, 40(4), 85-97.
[2]. Adeleke, B. O., Adeyemi, T. I., & Ogunleye, J. O., 2023, Artificial Intelligence and Competitive Advantage: An Analysis of Nigeria’s Manufacturing Sector. Journal of Business and Management, 12(1), 45-60.
[3]. Adenekan, O. A., Solomon, N. O., Simpa, P., & Obasi, S. C., 2024, Enhancing manufacturing productivity: A review of AI-Driven supply chain management optimization and ERP systems integration. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 6(5), 1607-1624.
[4]. Adeoye, A. O., & Elegbede, O. O., 2022, AI-driven automation in manufacturing: A Nigerian perspective. Journal of Manufacturing Technology, 29(3), 45-60.
[5]. Agrawal, R., Majumdar, A., Kumar, A., & Luthra, S., 2023, Integration of artificial intelligence in sustainable manufacturing: current status and future opportunities. Operations Management Research, 16(4), 1720-1741.
[6]. Eze, S. C., Chinedu-Eze, V. C., & Bello, A. O., 2022, Exploring AI Applications in Manufacturing: A Resource-Based View. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 33(6), 1098-1115.
[7]. Bunian, S., Al-Ebrahim, M. A., & Nour, A. A., 2024, Role and Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Manufacturing Engineering: A Review. Engineered Science, 29, 1088.
[8]. Eze, S. C., Chinedu-Eze, V. C., & Bello, O. S., 2021, Factors influencing the adoption of AI in the Nigerian manufacturing industry: An Innovation Diffusion Theory perspective. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 36(6), 926-943.
[9]. Adigwe, C. S., Olaniyi, O. O., Olabanji, S. O., 2024, Forecasting the future: The interplay of artificial intelligence innovation and competitiveness and its effect on the global economy. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 24(4), 126-146.
[10]. Agwu, M. O. (2021). Strategic implications of artificial intelligence in manufacturing. Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability, 16(3), 23-39.
[11]. Akinsolu, M. O., 2022, Applied artificial intelligence in manufacturing and industrial production systems: PEST considerations for engineering managers. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 51(1), 52-62.
[12]. Ayoade, A., Bamidele, O., & Adewale, J., 2021, AI and manufacturing efficiency in Nigeria: A theoretical review. Journal of African Business, 22(2), 123-145.
[13]. Ivanov, D., & Dolgui, A., 2020, A digital supply chain twin for managing the disruption risks and resilience in the era of Industry 4.0. Production Planning & Control, 31(6), 457-473.
[14]. Varriale, V., Cammarano, A., Michelino, F., & Caputo, M., 2023, Critical analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence integration with cutting-edge technologies for production systems. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1-33.
[15]. Chryssolouris, G., Alexopoulos, K., & Arkouli, Z., 2023, Artificial intelligence in manufacturing systems. In A perspective on artificial intelligence in manufacturing (pp. 79-135). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
[16]. Chen, W., He, W., Shen, J., 2023, Systematic analysis of artificial intelligence in the era of industry 4.0. Journal of Management Analytics, 10(1), 89-108.
[17]. Lee, J., Singh, J., Azamfar, M., & Pandhare, V., 2020, Industrial AI and predictive analytics for smart manufacturing systems. In Smart Manufacturing (pp. 213-244). Elsevier.
[18]. Plathottam, S. J., Rzonca, A., Lakhnori, R., & Iloeje, C. O., 2023, A review of artificial intelligence applications in manufacturing operations. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing and Processing, 5(3), e10159.
[19]. Teerasoponpong, S., & Sugunnasil, P., 2022, Review on Artificial Intelligence Applications in Manufacturing Industrial Supply Chain–Industry 4.0's Perspective. In 2022 Joint International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology with ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (ECTI DAMT & NCON) (pp. 406-411). IEEE.
[20]. Mmadubuobi, L. C., Nworie, G. O., & Aziekwe, O. P., 2024, Industry 4.0 and Corporate Technological Responsibility of Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria.”. Central Asian Journal of Innovations on Tourism Management and Finance, 5(4), 67-80.
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Analgesic Efficacy of Fentanyl and Dexamethasone with Caudal Ropivacaine in Pediatric Infraumbilical SurgeriesAuthor: Bhagyavardhan BottaDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.01.Art003
Analgesic Efficacy of Fentanyl and Dexamethasone with Caudal Ropivacaine in Pediatric Infraumbilical Surgeries
Abstract:
Postoperative pain management in paediatric infra-umbilical surgeries remains a challenge. Caudal epidural anaesthesia with Ropivacaine is widely used, but adjuvants such as Fentanyl and Dexamethasone may enhance its analgesic efficacy. This study aimed to compare the analgesic effects of Fentanyl and Dexamethasone as adjuvants to caudal Ropivacaine in paediatric patients undergoing infra-umbilical surgeries. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted with 54 paediatric patients aged 1-12 years, classified as ASA I or II, undergoing elective infraumbilical surgeries. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group F received Ropivacaine (0.25%, 1 ml/kg) with Fentanyl (1 mcg/kg), and Group D received Ropivacaine (0.25%, 1 ml/kg) with Dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg). Postoperative pain was assessed using the FLACC scale at regular intervals, and the time to first rescue analgesic was recorded. The mean time to first rescue analgesic was significantly longer in Group D (10 hours) compared to Group F (6 hours, p < 0.001). FLACC scores were consistently lower in Group D at all measured time points (p < 0.001), indicating superior analgesia. Both groups maintained stable hemodynamic parameters, and adverse effects were minimal. Dexamethasone as an adjuvant to caudal Ropivacaine provides prolonged and superior analgesia compared to Fentanyl, making it a more effective option for postoperative pain management in paediatric infra-umbilical surgeries.
Analgesic Efficacy of Fentanyl and Dexamethasone with Caudal Ropivacaine in Pediatric Infraumbilical Surgeries
References:
[1]. Gawe, Z. A., Isa, H. M., Almashaur, M. M., Haider, F. and Almulla, K., 2022. The effect of caudal anesthesia block on perioperative pain control and reduction of the anesthetic agent in pediatric infraumbilical surgery: A prospective randomized trial study. Anesthesia Essays and Researches, 16(3):301-6.
[2]. Oliver, J. A., Oliver, L. A., Aggarwal, N., Baldev, K., Wood, M., Makusha, L., Vadivelu, N. and Lichtor, L., 2022. Ambulatory pain management in the pediatric patient population. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 26(1):15-23.
[3]. Sharma, T., Shah, N., Patel, J., Chhaya, A. and Upadhyaya, R., 2015. Comparison of general anaesthesia v/s caudal epidural in paediatric infra umbilical surgeries. Int J Biomed Res, 6(1):35-9.
[4]. Ivani G. L., Lampugnani E., Torre M, Maria G. C., DeNegri P, Borrometi F, Messeri A, Calamandrei M, Lonnqvist PA, Morton NS. Comparison of ropivacaine with bupivacaine for paediatric caudal block. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1998 Aug 1;81(2):247-8.
[5]. Ivani, G. L. E. T. M., Lampugnani, E., Torre, M., Maria, G. C., DeNegri, P., Borrometi, F., Messeri, A., Calamandrei, M., Lonnqvist, P. A. and Morton, N. S., 1998. Comparison of ropivacaine with bupivacaine for paediatric caudal block. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 81(2):247-8.
[6]. Mossetti, V., Vicchio, N. and Ivani, G., 2012. Local anesthetis and adjuvants in pediatric regional anesthesia. Current Drug Targets, 13(7):952-60.
[7]. El-Feky, E. M. and Abd El Aziz, A. A., 2015. Fentanyl, dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone as adjuvant to local anesthetics in caudal analgesia in pediatrics: A comparative study. Egyptian journal of anaesthesia, 31(2):175-80.
[8]. Kawaraguchi, Y., Otomo, T., Ota, C., Uchida, N., Taniguchi, A. and Inoue, S., 2006. A prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of caudal block using ropivacaine 0.2% with or without fentanyl 1 μg kg− 1 in children. BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia, 97(6):858-861.
[9]. Kim, E. M., Lee, J. R., Koo, B. N., Im, Y. J., Oh, H. J. and Lee, J. H., 2014. Analgesic efficacy of caudal dexamethasone combined with ropivacaine in children undergoing orchiopexy. British journal of anaesthesia, 112(5):885-891.
[10]. Crellin, D. J., Harrison, D., Santamaria, N. and Babl, F. E., 2015. Systematic review of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability scale for assessing pain in infants and children: is it reliable, valid, and feasible for use?. Pain, 156(11):2132-2151.
[11]. Oliver, J. A., Oliver, L. A., Aggarwal, N., Baldev, K., Wood, M., Makusha, L., Vadivelu, N. and Lichtor, L., 2022. Ambulatory pain management in the pediatric patient population. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 26(1):15-23.
[12]. Das, S., Acharya, R., Patro, M., Moda, N. and Mounika, G., 2022. Caudal Morphine in Pediatric Patients: A Comparison of Two Different Doses in Children Undergoing Infraumbilical Surgery–A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study. Anesthesia Essays and Researches, 16(3):360-365.
[13]. Menezes, M. S. and Gozzani, J. L., 2002. Postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients: comparative study among local anesthetics, opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 52:175-184.
[14]. Abdallah, F. W., Johnson, J., Chan, V., Murgatroyd, H., Ghafari, M., Ami, N., Jin, R. and Brull, R., 2015. Intravenous dexamethasone and perineural dexamethasone similarly prolong the duration of analgesia after supraclavicular brachial plexus block: a randomized, triple-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, 40(2):125-132.
[15]. Walters, T., Bafna, S., Vold, S., Wortz, G., Harton, P., Levenson, J., Hovanesia, J., Mah, F., Gira, J. and Vroman, D., 2016. Efficacy and safety of sustained release dexamethasone for the treatment of ocular pain and inflammation after cataract surgery: results from two phase 3 studies. J Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 7(4):1-11.
[16]. Tandoc, M. N., Fan, L., Kolesnikov, S., Kruglov, A. and Nader, N. D., 2011. Adjuvant dexamethasone with bupivacaine prolongs the duration of interscalene block: a prospective randomized trial. Journal of anesthesia, 25:704-709.
[17]. Hong, J. Y., Han, S. W., Kim, W. O., Kim, E. J. and Kil, H. K., 2010. Effect of dexamethasone in combination with caudal analgesia on postoperative pain control in day-case paediatric orchiopexy. British journal of anaesthesia, 105(4):506-510.
[18]. Karas‐Trzeciak, M., Grabowski, T., Woloszczuk‐Gebicka, B. and Borucka, B., 2015. Fentanyl with ropivacaine infusion for postoperative pain relief in infants and children. Kinetics of epidural fentanyl. Pediatric Anesthesia, 25(8):818-823.
[19]. Vampugalla, P. S., Vundi, V. R., Perumallapalli, K. S., Kumar, C. V., Kambar, C., Mahalakshmi, P. M. and Pisipati, R. S., 2015. A comparative study of intrathecal ropivacaine with fentanyl and L-bupivacaine with fentanyl in lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol, 4(6):1147-55.
[20]. Ziesenitz, V. C., Vaughns, J. D., Koch, G., Mikus, G. and van Den Anker, J. N., 2018. Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl and its derivatives in children: a comprehensive review. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 57(2):125-149.
[21]. Armenian, P., Vo, K. T., Barr-Walker, J. and Lynch, K. L., 2018. Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: a comprehensive review. Neuropharmacology, 134:121-132.
[22]. Sree, M. S., Laxshmi, B. S., Prasad, P. K. and Bharathi, A., 2014. Evaluation of Analgesic Effi cacy of Caudal Dexamethasone Combined with Ropivacaine in Children Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries: A Prospective, Randomized, Double Blind Control Study. International Journal of Scientific Study, 2(7):72-76.
[23]. Di Sarno, L., Gatto, A., Korn, D., Pansini, V., Curatola, A., Ferretti, S., Capossela, L., Graglia, B. and Chiaretti, A., 2023. Pain management in pediatric age. An update. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 94(4).
[24]. Zhu, C., Zhang, S., Gu, Z., Tong, Y. and Wei, R., 2018. Caudal and intravenous dexamethasone as an adjuvant to pediatric caudal block: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Pediatric Anesthesia, 28(3):195-203.
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Childhood Knee Problem as a Risk Factor for Adulthood Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case-Control StudyAuthor: Altine Aliyu NuradeenDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.01.Art004
Childhood Knee Problem as a Risk Factor for Adulthood Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case-Control Study
Abstract:
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint affected with osteoarthritis. It has multifactorial causative factors including childhood knee problems and disorders. The study aimed to investigate childhood-specific knee problems as risk factors for knee Osteoarthritis in adulthood. This case-control study was conducted at an Orthopaedic Hospital Wamakko, Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria between January 2022 and December 2022. Cases with knee OA were diagnosed using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria which include knee pain with at least three out of six criteria in the case group. The inclusion criteria were adult patients aged >40 years with knee OA. The data collected was analysed using SPSS version 26. There were a total of 372 patients in the study with 124 cases and 248 controls in a ratio of 1:2. The average age was 53.7±10.8 (range 40 to 88 years). There were 165 (44.4%) males and 207 (55.6%) females. Among all the patients, there were 15 (4.03%) patients with previous childhood knee problems and 357 (95.97%) no history of previous childhood knee problems. Among the cases group, there were 13 (10.5%) cases with previous childhood knee problems and among them, there were 8 males and 7 females; childhood history of injury (6), patella instability (3), unspecific knee pains (2), peri-articular fracture (1), and knee infection (1). There was a statistically significant result between childhood knee problems and Adulthood knee OA (OR=14.405, CI=3.197-64.915, and P<0.001). The study findings have shown childhood knee problems to be risk factors for adulthood knee osteoarthritis.
Childhood Knee Problem as a Risk Factor for Adulthood Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case-Control Study
References:
[1]. Geyer M, Schönfeld C. J., Novel insights into the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Current rheumatology reviews. 2018 Aug 1;14(2):98-107.
[2]. Cui A, Li H, Wang D, Zhong J, Chen Y, Lu H., Global, regional prevalence, incidence and risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in population-based studies. EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Dec 1;29.
[3]. Murphy B. P., Dowsey M. M., Choong P. F., The impact of advanced age on the outcomes of primary total hip and knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis: a systematic review. JBJS reviews. 2018 Feb 1;6(2): e6.
[4]. Georgiev T, Angelov A. K., Modifiable risk factors in knee osteoarthritis: treatment implications. Rheumatology international. 2019 Jul 1;39(7):1145-57.
[5]. Antony B, Jones G, Jin X, Ding C. Do early life factors affect the development of knee osteoarthritis in later life: a narrative review. Arthritis research & therapy. 2016 Dec; 18:1-8.
[6]. Snoeker B., Turkiewicz A., Magnusson K., Frobell R., Yu D., Peat G., Englund M. Risk of knee osteoarthritis after different types of knee injuries in young adults: a population-based cohort study. British journal of sports medicine. 2020 Jun 1;54(12):725-30.
[7]. Roos E. M., Arden N. K., Strategies for the prevention of knee osteoarthritis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2016 Feb;12(2):92-101.
[8]. Thomas M. J., Wood L., Selfe J., Peat G., Anterior knee pain in younger adults as a precursor to subsequent patellofemoral osteoarthritis: a systematic review. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2010 Dec; 11:1-8.
[9]. Belo, J. N., Berger, M. Y., Koes, B. W., & Bierma-Zeinstra, S. M. A., (2009). The prognostic value of the clinical ACR classification criteria of knee osteoarthritis for persisting knee complaints and increase of disability in general practice. Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 17(10), 1288-1292.
[10]. Musumeci G., Aiello F. C., Szychlinska M. A., Di Rosa M., Castrogiovanni P., Mobasheri A., Osteoarthritis in the XXIst century: risk factors and behaviours that influence disease onset and progression. International journal of molecular sciences. 2015 Mar 16;16(3):6093-112.
[11]. Roos E. M., Arden N. K., Strategies for the prevention of knee osteoarthritis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2016 Feb;12(2):92-101.
[12]. Whittaker J. L., Woodhouse L. J., Nettel-Aguirre A., Emery C. A., Outcomes associated with early post-traumatic osteoarthritis and other negative health consequences 3–10 years following knee joint injury in youth sport. Osteoarthritis and cartilage. 2015 Jul 1;23(7):1122-9.
[13]. MacDonald J., Rodenberg R., Sweeney E., Acute knee injuries in children and adolescents: a review. JAMA pediatrics. 2021 Jun 1;175(6):624-30.
[14]. Kastelein, M., Luijsterburg, P. A. J., Heintjes, E. M., van Middelkoop, M., Verhaar, J. A. N., Koes, B. W., and Bierma-Zeinstra, S.M.A., 2015. The 6-year trajectory of non-traumatic knee symptoms (including patellofemoral pain) in adolescents and young adults in general practice: a study of clinical predictors. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(6), pp.400-405.
[15]. Murphy L., Schwartz T. A., Helmick C. G., Renner J. B., Tudor G., Koch G., Dragomir A., Kalsbeek W. D., Luta G., Jordan J. M., Lifetime risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care & Research: Official Journal of the American College of Rheumatology. 2008 Sep 15;59(9):1207-13.
[16]. Snoeker B., Turkiewicz A., Magnusson K., Frobell R., Yu D., Peat G., Englund M. Risk of knee osteoarthritis after different types of knee injuries in young adults: a population-based cohort study. British journal of sports medicine. 2020 Jun 1;54(12):725-30.
[17]. Conchie H., Clark D., Metcalfe A., Eldridge J., Whitehouse M., Adolescent knee pain and patellar dislocations are associated with patellofemoral osteoarthritis in adulthood: a case control study. The Knee. 2016 Aug 1;23(4):708-11.
[18]. Ezzat A. M., Whittaker J. L., Toomey C., Doyle-Baker P. K., Brussoni M., Emery C. A., Knee confidence in youth and young adults at risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis 3–10 years following intra-articular knee injury. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2018 Jul 1;21(7):671-5.
[19]. Rego de Figueiredo I., Vieira Alves R., Guerreiro Castro S., Antunes A. M., Gruner H., Panarra A. Septic arthritis incidence and risk factors: a 5-year cross-sectional study. Infectious Diseases. 2019 Aug 3;51(8):635-7.
[20]. Abram S. G., Alvand A., Judge A., Beard D. J., Price A. J., Mortality and adverse joint outcomes following septic arthritis of the native knee: a longitudinal cohort study of patients receiving arthroscopic washout. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020 Mar 1;20(3):341-9.
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Assessment of Tuberculosis Awareness and Perspectives among the Working Population Across Lagos StateAuthor: Akande, Kehinde AyooluwaDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.01.Art005
Assessment of Tuberculosis Awareness and Perspectives among the Working Population Across Lagos State
Abstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be an important public health concern in Lagos, Nigeria, as it accounts for 11% of this burden in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was employed. Socio-demographic data (age, gender, highest level of education, local government area, and employment status) from deidentified persons who gave consent were investigated using a structured and pretested questionnaire in a Google Form. 310 participants met the inclusion criteria of working and living in Lagos State. In this study, 96.5% of the participants have heard of TB before; only 36.5% knew what TB is called in their local dialect; 75.8% know TB is caused by a microorganism; 83.2% know the signs and symptoms of TB; 91.6% of the participants know the contagiousness of TB; 91.9% admitted that importance of the knowledge of TB endemicity in Nigeria; 66% learnt about TB in school; 45.2% of the participants have ever been screened for TB; 9.7% implied they have TB associated stigma behaviour; 67.7% of participants knew at least one method of TB diagnosis; only 2.9% among the participants has been diagnosed of TB; 84.2% participants are aware that TB is curable and; only 31% of the participants have heard of TB preventive treatment (TPT). This study has been able to examine the degree of awareness and perspectives of tuberculosis in terms of the basic knowledge of TB, TB screening, TB-associated stigma, TB diagnosis, TB curability and TPT among the working population in Lagos State, this is very crucial to control TB in the country.
Assessment of Tuberculosis Awareness and Perspectives among the Working Population Across Lagos State
References:
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Application of Health Belief Model; Tuberculosis in Healthcare Workers: Risk Reduction Measures at Asokoro District Hospital (ADH) Abuja FCT NigeriaAuthor: Titilayo Oluwatoyin IlesanmiDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.01.Art006
Application of Health Belief Model; Tuberculosis in Healthcare Workers: Risk Reduction Measures at Asokoro District Hospital (ADH) Abuja FCT Nigeria
Abstract:
Health Care workers (HCWs) in high tuberculosis (TB) burden settings are at increased risk of TB infection due to frequent exposure to TB patients and inconsistent implementation of TB risk reduction measures/TB Infection Prevention and Control (TB-IPC) practices. This study aimed to assess the risk of TB transmission and the practice of TB risk reduction measures among HCWs at Asokoro District Hospital (ADH), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria, utilizing the Health Belief Model (HBM). A quantitative study design was employed, using proportional stratified random sampling and purposive sampling, with data collected through Researcher-administered structured questionnaires via Open Data Kit (ODK) and a structured checklist. Results revealed high level of perceived susceptibility and severity among HCWs, with 87% acknowledging ADH as a high-TB burden health facility and 99% aware of TB's infectious nature. Nevertheless, barriers to practicing TB risk reduction measures were identified and the most notable one is the unavailability of N95 masks (reported by 99% of participants). Though, 94% of HCWs were willing to use alternative protection, albeit suboptimal, such as weak N95 masks. Perceived benefits of TB risk reduction measures practices were high, with 98% recognizing the importance of N95 masks and cross ventilation. Positive influence of cues to action, with 55% of participants receiving training on TB transmission and a strong association was found between training and adherence to TB risk reduction measures practices (B = 0.543, p = 0.000). The findings are mainly systemic inclined with few individualized ones: HCWs knowledge gap about TB mode of transmission, inadequate availability of protective equipment, limited training of HCWs on TB – IPC, lack of isolation unit and poor cross ventilation. Therefore, active interest and involvement of the hospital management in TB – IPC activities is critical to resolves all identified gaps.
Application of Health Belief Model; Tuberculosis in Healthcare Workers: Risk Reduction Measures at Asokoro District Hospital (ADH) Abuja FCT Nigeria
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The Impact of Fintech and Digital Platforms on Financial Inclusion in the Informal Sector of GhanaAuthor: Felix SackeyDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.01.Art007
The Impact of Fintech and Digital Platforms on Financial Inclusion in the Informal Sector of Ghana
Abstract:
Financial technology (fintech) is widely recognized as an effective tool to drive financial inclusion across the world. However, its impact on financial inclusion in the informal sector is yet to be understood especially in developing countries. This study assessed the impact of fintech and digital platforms on financial inclusion in the informal sector of Ghana. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed to select 365 participants in the informal sector from eight regions of Ghana through multistage sampling method for data collection. Data was collected using a 5-point Likert scale that was adapted with items to assess the role of fintech and adoption by people in the informal sector. After the data was analyzed with SPSS software version 23.0, it was a found that majority of participants took a neutral stance on the role and adoption of fintech; suggesting lack of awareness on fintech in the informal sector. The study can conclude that Ghana can benefit from the impact of fintech and digital platforms on financial inclusion in the informal sector through education and creation of awareness as there is lack of knowledge on fintech and its use in the sector.
The Impact of Fintech and Digital Platforms on Financial Inclusion in the Informal Sector of Ghana
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[25]. Senyo, P. K., Karanasios, S., Agbloyor, E. K., & Choudrie, J., 2024, Government-Led digital transformation in FinTech ecosystems. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 33(3), 101849.
[26]. Asif, M., Khan, M. N., Tiwari, S., Wani, S. K., & Alam, F., 2023, The impact of fintech and digital financial services on financial inclusion in India. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(2), 122.
[27]. Thermaenius, V., & Östling, L., 2018, Financial Inclusion in the Age of FinTech: A multiple case study of FinTech companies’ role for financial inclusion in India.
[28]. Coffie, C. P. K., & Hongjiang, Z., 2023, FinTech market development and financial inclusion in Ghana: The role of heterogeneous actors. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 186, 122127.
[29]. Jack, W., & Suri, T., 2014, Risk sharing and transactions costs: Evidence from Kenya's mobile money revolution. American Economic Review, 104(1), 183-223.
[30]. Nan, W., Zhu, X., & Lynne Markus, M., 2021, What we know and don't know about the socioeconomic impacts of mobile money in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic literature review. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 87(2), e12155.
[31]. Broni Jr, F. E., & Owusu, A., 2020, Blockchain readiness: expert perspectives from a developing economy. In Handbook of Research on Managing Information Systems in Developing Economies (pp. 160-177). IGI Global
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Current State of Financial Inclusion in the Informal Sector of GhanaAuthor: Felix SackeyDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.01.Art008
Current State of Financial Inclusion in the Informal Sector of Ghana
Abstract:
Financial inclusion has emerged as a concept that is of global concern in the domains of financial expansion, policy and all-encompassing prosperity. As a result, many countries have embraced the concept as a key driver of development agenda. However, knowledge of the state of financial inclusion in the informal sector is limited especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the state of financial inclusion in the informal sector of Ghana. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional which employed multistage sampling to select 365 participants in the informal sector from eight regions. Data was collected using a 5-point Likert scale which reliability was achieved by ensuring all items scored Cronbach Alpha value of above 0.7. Descriptive analysis of the data was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23 software. The results of the study showed that there is lack of accessibility, quality and usage of financial services and products in the informal sector of Ghana. In conclusion, the study findings highlight the need to improve the state of financial inclusion in the informal sector to enhance the participation of people in the sector in the national development agenda.
Current State of Financial Inclusion in the Informal Sector of Ghana
References:
[1]. WorldBank 2023, Digital Financial Inclusion in Africa Interview Series | Tim Masala. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2023/09/26/digital-financial-inclusion-in-africa-interview-series-tim-masela#:~:text=DFI is the ability of, global average of 76 percent.
[2]. Yap, S., Shan Lee, H., & Xin Liew, P., 2023, The role of financial inclusion in achieving financerelated sustainable development goals (SDGs): a cross-country analysis. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 36(3).
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[7]. Tawfik, M., & Valiante, M., 2024, SDG 9: innovation, intellectual property and gender equity. In The Elgar Companion to Intellectual Property and the Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 281-298). Edward Elgar Publishing.
[8]. Omar, M. A., & Inaba, K., 2020, Does financial inclusion reduce poverty and income inequality in developing countries? A panel data analysis. Journal of economic structures, 9(1), 37.
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[10]. Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Ansar, S., 2018, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring financial inclusion and the fintech revolution. World Bank Publications.
[11]. Amponsah, M., Agbola, F. W., & Mahmood, A., 2021, The impact of informality on inclusive growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does financial inclusion matter?. Journal of Policy Modeling, 43(6), 1259-1286.
[12]. AFI., 2021, Bringing the Informal Sector Onboard. https://www.afi-global.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/AFI_GN44_AW2_digital.pdf
[13]. Thwala, S., Masiya, T., & Lubinga, S. N., 2023, Contribution of the informal sector towards sustainable livelihoods: evidence from Khayelitsha Township, Cape Town. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 43(13/14), 90-105.
[14]. Deléchat, C., & Medina, L., 2021, What Do We Know About the Informal Economy? The Global Informal Workforce, 1.
[15]. AFI., 2021, Bringing the Informal Sector Onboard. https://www.afi-global.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/AFI_GN44_AW2_digital.pdf
[16]. Yendaw, E., 2022, Cross-border migration of itinerant immigrant retailers in Ghana. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 23(1), 205-225.
[17]. Adei, D., Braimah, I., Mensah, J. V., Acquah Mensah, A., & Agyemang-Duah, W., 2021, Improving upon the working environment of informal sector workers in Ghana: The role of planning. Cogent Medicine, 8(1), 1911441.
[18]. Senyo, P. K., Karanasios, S., Agbloyor, E. K., & Choudrie, J., 2024, Government-Led digital transformation in FinTech ecosystems. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 33(3), 101849.
[19]. Jack, W., & Suri, T., 2014, Risk sharing and transactions costs: Evidence from Kenya's mobile money revolution. American Economic Review, 104(1), 183-223.
[20]. Nan, W., Zhu, X., & Lynne Markus, M., 2021, What we know and don't know about the socioeconomic impacts of mobile money in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic literature review. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 87(2), e12155.
[21]. Madani, M., & Hartaman, N., 2022, Analysis of Government Policy in Economic Recovery During Pandemic in Indonesia. Journal of Governance, 7(3).
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[23]. Wenner, G., Bram, J. T., Marino, M., Obeysekare, E., & Mehta, K., 2018, Organizational models of mobile payment systems in low-resource environments. Information Technology for Development, 24(4), 681-705.
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Prevalence of Breast Cancer in First Time Patients Visiting the Federal Medical Centre, Abuja, NigeriaAuthor: Aleruchi ChukuDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.01.Art009
Prevalence of Breast Cancer in First Time Patients Visiting the Federal Medical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
Abstract:
Breast cancer, which is the most common malignant disorder affecting women, is characterized by the abnormal growth of cells in the breast. The study examined the burden of breast cancer in the Federal Medical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria. A sample of 300 women was taken from a population consisting of women between the ages of 18-75 years who were visiting the hospital for the first time for a period of six months. Patients were reviewed using predesigned questionnaires which focused on socio-demographic information and clinical information. The study employed statistical tools of Chi-Square and the Duncan Multiple Range test to analyse data. From a total of 300 patients screened, 65% of the studied population had grade II breast cancer while 35% had grade III breast cancer, while the most frequent histological feature observed was the invasive ductal carcinoma with 76.3% and invasive ductal carcinoma with lymphovascular invasion represented 23.7 %. The result from this study also showed that 56.4 % of the population had cancer on the right breast while 43.6 % had cancer on the left breast and 66.7 % of the cancer patients were diagnosed through trucut biopsy, 21.2 % though excision while 12.1 % was through incision technique. The findings of this study serves as a guide to health practitioners and educators in the design and execution of campaign towards oncological studies and advocates for greater public health initiatives, including education on early detection and better healthcare infrastructure, to combat the rising burden of breast cancer in Nigeria.
Prevalence of Breast Cancer in First Time Patients Visiting the Federal Medical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
References:
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[4]. Miller, E., Wilson, C., Chapman, J., Flight, I., Nguyen, A., Fletcher, C., & Ramsey, I., 2018, Connecting the dots between breast cancer, obesity and alcohol consumption in middle-aged women: ecological and case control studies. BMC Public Health, 18:460. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5357-1
[5]. Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F., 2021, Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA. Cancer Journal for Clinicians, (3), 209-249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
[6]. Olayide, A., Isiaka, A., Ganiyu, R., Samue, O., Halimat, A., Olalekan, O., Julius, O., & Anya, R., 2023, Breast Cancer Treatment and Outcomes in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Asian Pacific Journal Cancer Care, 8 (3), 591-598. DOI:10.31557/APJCC.2023.8.3.591
[7]. McCormack, V., McKenzie, F., Foerster, M., Zietsman, A., Galukande, M., Adisa, C., & Anele, A., 2020, Breast cancer survival and survival gap apportionment in sub-Saharan Africa (ABC-DO): a prospective cohort study. The Lancet, 8(9), 1203-1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30261-8
[8]. Oluwatosin, O. A., 2019, Primary health care nurses' knowledge practice and client teaching of early detection measures of breast cancer in Ibadan. BMC Nursing, 18(1), 16.
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[12]. Rakha, E. A., Tse, G. M., & Quinn, C. M., 2022, An update on the pathological classification of breast cancer. Histopathology, 8, 82(1), 5–16.
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[18]. Abdou, Y., Gupta, M., Asaoka, M., Attwood, K., Mateusz, O., Gandhi, S., & Takabe, K., 2022, Left sided breast cancer is associated with aggressive biology and worse outcomes than right sided breast cancer. Scientific Reports, 12, 13377
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Effectiveness of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Patients on ART in Federal Medical Centre – Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Cohort StudyAuthor: Samuel Eleojo AbujahDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.01.Art010
Effectiveness of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Patients on ART in Federal Medical Centre – Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Abstract:
A 6-month isoniazid as tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) was nationally introduced in Nigeria in 2014. However there has been limited research on the effectives of IPT specific to facilities like FMC – Keffi. This study is, therefore, conducted to evaluate the impact of IPT on the reduction of TB incidence in patients on ART in FMC-Keffi. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on HIV patients who commenced ART from October 2014 to September 2021. A data extraction script was used to extract data from the patient charts on the Electronic Medical Record (EMR). The effectives of IPT on TB incidence was assessed using the total person years, incidence rate ratio, and a multivariate regression model at 5% significance level. A sample size of 581, which included 444 exposed to TPT and 137 unexposed to TPT among PLHIV on ART records. We followed them up for a total of 2,361.66 -person-years of observation. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 0.03 (95% CI: 0.00–0.26, p = 0.006). The results indicated that PLHIV on ART who received and completed a 6-month course of IPT (Exposed group) significantly reduced TB incidence by up to 97% in odds ratio (AOR) compared to does who didn’t receive IPT. This study provides strong evidence that TPT significantly reduces the risk of TB in people living with HIV who are on ART. The findings emphasize the need to scale up TPT coverage, particularly for high-risk groups.
Effectiveness of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Patients on ART in Federal Medical Centre – Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Cohort Study
References:
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[3]. Corbett, E. L., Marston, B., Churchyard, G. J., & de Cock, K. M., 2006, Tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa: Opportunities, challenges, and change in the era of antiretroviral treatment. Lancet, 367(9514), 926–937. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68383-9
[4]. Houben, R. M. G. J., & Dodd, P. J., 2016, The Global Burden of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Re-estimation Using Mathematical Modelling. PLoS Medicine, 13(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002152
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[7]. Reward, E. E., Ike, A. C., Muo, S. O., Soga-Oke, B. F., & Mbaawuaga, E. M., 2020, Coinfection of tuberculosis and hiv in nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In AIDS Reviews (Vol. 22, Issue 4, pp. 1–12). Publicaciones Permanyer. https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.20000068
[8]. World Health Organization. Guidelines for intensified tuberculosis case-finding and Isoniazid preventive therapy for people living with HIV in resource-constrained settings. WHO Geneva; 2011
[9]. Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria. National Guidelines for HIV Prevention, Treatment and Care. Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria. 2016. Accessed July 2018.
[10]. Ross, J. M., Badje, A., Rangaka, M. X., Walker, A. S., Shapiro, A. E., Thomas, K. K., Anglaret, X., Eholie, S., Gabillard, D., Boulle, A., Maartens, G., Wilkinson, R. J., Ford, N., Golub, J. E., Williams, B. G., & Barnabas, R. v., 2021, Isoniazid preventive therapy plus antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. The Lancet HIV, 8(1), e8–e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30299-X
[11]. Ayele, H. T., van Mourik, M. S. M., Debray, T. P. A., & Bonten, M. J. M., 2015, Isoniazid prophylactic therapy for the prevention of tuberculosis in HIV infected adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. PLoS ONE, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142290
[12]. Balcells, M. E., Thomas, S. L., Godfrey-Faussett, P, Grant, A. D., Isoniazid preventive therapy and risk for resistant tuberculosis. Emerg Infect Dis., 2006;12(5): 744-51. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1205.050681 PubMed | Google Scholar
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[14]. van der Heijden, Y. F., Karim, F., Mufamadi, G., Zako, L., Chinappa, T., Shepherd, B. E., Maruri, F., Moosa, M. Y. S., Sterling, T. R., & Pym, A. S., 2017, Isoniazid-nonresistant tuberculosis is associated with poor treatment outcomes in Durban, South Africa. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 21(6), 670–676. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.16.0843
[15]. Briggs, M. A., Emerson, C., Modi, S., Taylor, N. K., & Date, A. (n.d.). Use of Isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis prophylaxis among people living with HIV/AIDS: A Review of the Literature. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI
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[19]. Egesimba, G., 2023, Isoniazid Preventive Therapy and the Development of TB Among People Living with HIV in Nigeria.
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[23]. Ross, J. M., Badje, A., Rangaka, M. X., Walker, A. S., Shapiro, A. E., Thomas, K. K., Anglaret, X., Eholie, S., Gabillard, D., Boulle, A., Maartens, G., Wilkinson, R. J., Ford, N., Golub, J. E., Williams, B. G., & Barnabas, R. v., 2021, Isoniazid preventive therapy plus antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. The Lancet HIV, 8(1), e8–e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30299-X
[24]. Pathmanathan, I., Dokubo, E. K., Shiraishi, R. W., Agolory, S. G., Auld, A. F., Onotu, D., Odafe, S., Dalhatu, I., Abiri, O., Debem, H. C., Bashorun, A., & Ellerbrock, T., 2017, Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria, 2004-2012. PLoS ONE, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173309
[25]. Odume, B., Meribe, S. C., Odusote, T., Ifunanya, M., Debem, H., Amazue-Ezeuko, I., Ogbanufe, O., Adamu, Y., & Onotu, D., 2020, Taking tuberculosis preventive therapy implementation to national scale: the Nigerian PEPFAR Program experience. Public Health Action, 10(1), 7–10. https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.19.0033
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Prevalence and Determinants of Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors Among In-School Adolescents in Rural and Urban Areas of Adamawa StateAuthor: Jenewari, J. ADOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.01.Art011
Prevalence and Determinants of Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors Among In-School Adolescents in Rural and Urban Areas of Adamawa State
Abstract:
This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors among in-school adolescents in Adamawa State, Nigeria. A total of 624 adolescents participated, with 308 from rural schools and 316 from urban schools. The mean age was significantly higher in urban areas (15.79 ± 2.0 years) compared to rural areas (14.94 ± 1.9 years; p<0.001). Notable differences in ethnic and religious distributions were observed, with a higher proportion of Christians in rural areas (59.4%) and Muslims in urban areas (63.9%; p<0.001). Alcohol consumption was reported by 32.5% of urban respondents and 26.4% of rural respondents, though not statistically significant (p=0.0846). Smoking rates were slightly higher in urban areas (4.7%) compared to rural (3.2%, p=0.066). Dietary assessments showed inadequate fruit and vegetable intake in both settings, while physical activity levels were significantly different, with more rural adolescents (31.1%) reporting low activity compared to urban peers (17.1%, p<0.001). The prevalence of obesity was higher in urban adolescents (4.5% vs. 1.7%; p=0.049). These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to mitigate NCD risk factors among adolescents.
Prevalence and Determinants of Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors Among In-School Adolescents in Rural and Urban Areas of Adamawa State
References:
[1]. Adelekan, M. L., Kola, L., & Eze, C. 2018. Risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adolescents in Nigeria. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 811.
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[3]. Akinpelu, A. O., Oyewole, O. O., & Oritogun, K. S. 2008. Overweight and Obesity: Does It Occur in Nigerian Adolescents in an Urban Community? International Journal of Biomedical Health Sciences, 0(1), 794–798.
[4]. Akinyemi, J. O., & Olufunmilayo, A. 2020. Urbanization and lifestyle changes in Nigeria: Implications for public health. International Journal of Public Health Science, 9(1), 1–10.
[5]. Ameen, I. O., & Fawole, O. 2008. Prevalence of Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease Among Nigerian Youth; Investing in Young People’s Health and Development: Research that Improves Policies and Programs. Abuja.
[6]. Baker, R. J., & Thomas, L. M. 2020. Alcohol consumption patterns among adolescents: A global perspective. Substance Use & Misuse, 55(4), 571–578.
[7]. Bloom, D. E., Cafiero, E., Jané-Llopis, E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Bloom, L. R., Fathima, S., et al. 2012. The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. PGDA Working Paper.
[8]. Eze, C., Nwachukwu, A., & Iloh, K. 2020. The role of health education in reducing risk factors for NCDs among adolescents in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 23(2), 265–272.
[9]. Khuwaja, A. K., Khawaja, S., Motwani, K., Khoja, A. A., Azam, I. S., & Fatmi, Z. 2011. Preventable lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases in the Pakistan Adolescents Schools Study 1 (PASS-1). Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 44(5), 210–217.
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Association between Perceived Health Risks of Smoking and Cessation Intent among Youths in the Gambia: Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2017Author: Yankuba SinghatehDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.01.Art012
Association between Perceived Health Risks of Smoking and Cessation Intent among Youths in the Gambia: Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2017
Abstract:
Smoking is a major risk factor of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs); and as such it is important to understand and leverage on factors that influence cessation intent. This study examined the relationship between intention to quit, perceived health risks of smoking and other relevant covariates. Data obtained from 1,610 t respondents aged 11-17, who currently smoked, from the Gambian Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) of 2017 were analysed. The prevalence of intention to quit was reported by age, sex, smoking frequency, parents’ and friends’ smoking statuses, perceived harm of smoking and exposure to anti-smoking messages. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between intention to quit and the above covariates. Approximately 77.8% of adolescents, who smoked, had the intention to quit. Notwithstanding the strong association (p<0.001) shown at the univariate level between perceived health risks of smoking and intention to quit, the adjusted model shows no statistically significant association between the two (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI = 0.99 - 2.56). Those whose close friends currently smoked were less likely to have intention to quit compared with those who did not have any friend who smoked (AOR =3.0, 95% CI:1.34-6.74) after adjusting for other covariates. Participants exposed to anti-smoking messages; boys; and youths without friends who smoke and those who smoked the least number of cigarettes had increased odds of intending to quit smoking. These findings can guide smoking cessation strategies. Anti-smoking messages can encourage people who smoke to quit as well as discourage none smokers from initiating tobacco use.
Association between Perceived Health Risks of Smoking and Cessation Intent among Youths in the Gambia: Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2017
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The Price of Transparency: How Exposing Personal Information in Mobile Money Transactions Fuels Social Engineering in GhanaAuthor: Daniel Adjei OdaiDOI: 10.21522/TIJAR.2014.12.01.Art013
The Price of Transparency: How Exposing Personal Information in Mobile Money Transactions Fuels Social Engineering in Ghana
Abstract:
Communications technologies such as 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G define a significant portion of today’s cyberspace and has attracted innovative value-added services and financial technologies such as mobile money (MM) transactions. The success of MM introduction in Kenya has significantly influenced its global adoption in other developing countries, such as Ghana. While MM systems are widely studied for their economic transformation impact within the Ghanaian context, this paper hypothesised that, there is limited research on its contribution to widening the attack surface of social engineering (SE) attacks as a result of its exposure of personally identifiable information (PII) during transactions. The paper explored the hypothesis with a quantitative methodology adopted with primary data collected through questionnaires designed to capture user experiences, perceptions, and insights on privacy and security concerns during MM transactions. The findings confirmed the hypothesis: 96.7% of respondents acknowledged that their PII is visible to recipients during transactions, and 76.7% believed this exposure increases their vulnerability to scams. Additionally, 48.3% reported experiencing phishing attempts or suspicious behaviour where their PII was referenced after MM transaction.
The Price of Transparency: How Exposing Personal Information in Mobile Money Transactions Fuels Social Engineering in Ghana
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