A Model for Measuring the Impact of Broadband Internet on Innovations at Institutions of Higher Learning in Kenya
Abstract:
Objective:
The aim of this study is to develop a model for measuring the impact of
broadband on innovations at the institutions of higher learning in Kenya.
Background:
Universities in Kenya are investing huge amounts of money on the provision of
Broadband internet. However, the extent to which
broadband is being utilised in these institutions to spur innovation is not
certain. There is need therefore to measure the extend at which broadband
internet influences innovations in these institutions in order to assess value
for broadband investment.
Methods: The study adopts Porter's Diamond Model to develop the
model. The model has four analytical dimensions that form the basis of
designing the instruments of data collection. A descriptive study is adopted
for the research. Data was collected
from existing records, literature review and through interviews. A five-point Likert scale was designed and employed to
assess the characteristics and behaviour of broadband consumer responses. Statistical
methods were used to test the internal consistency reliability and construct
validity of the study variables.
Results: The reliability and validity of the measures and
measurement instruments were above the recommended level of 0.70 as an
indicator of internal consistency.
Conclusion: Analysis of the structural model showed that the model
performed well and was adequate for the study. Since this was a pilot study and
the amount of data used was small, a more comprehensive study that incorporates
all the 67 universities in Kenya is recommended.
Keywords: Broadband,
Innovations, Internet, Education, metrics, model
References:
[1]. Chobanyan and L. Leigh,
“The competitive advantages of nations: Applying the ‘Diamond’ model to Armenia,”
International Journal ofEmerging Markets, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 147–164, Jan. 2006.
[2]. Amir Manzoor, (Aug 2012). Broadband Internet
and Czech Competitive Advantage. Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information
Sciences ISSN 2079-8407 http://www.cisjournal.org
[3]. Anderson, J.C., Gerbing, D.W., 1988. Structural
equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological
Bulletin 103, 423–441.
[4]. Rao, “Broadband innovation and the customer
experience imperative,” International Journal on Media Management, vol. 3, no. 2,
pp. 56–65, 2001.
[5]. CCK (2014). Communications Commission
of Kenya Report
[6]. Chin, W., 1998. Issues and opinion on
structural equation modeling. MIS Quarterly 22 (1), 7–16.
[7]. Chwelos, P., Benbasat, I., Dexter, A.s.,
2001. Research report: empirical
test of an EDI adoption model. Information System Research 12 (3), 304–321.
[8]. Davidson C.M. and Santorelli M. J. (Dec
2010). The Impact of Broadband on Education. A report to the U.S. chamber of commerce.
[9]. David, P.A., Mowery, D., & Steinmueller,
W.E. 1992. Analysing the economic payoffs from basic research. Economics of Innovation
and New Technology, 2(1): 73-90.
[10]. Wu, “Analyzing China’s automobile industry
competitiveness through Porter’s diamond model,” Lethbridge, Alta. : University
of Lethbridge, Faculty of Management, 2006, Technical Report, 2006.
[11]. O’Malley and C. O’Gorman, “Competitive
Advantage in the Irish Indigenous Software Industry and the Role of Inward Foreign
Direct Investment,” European Planning Studies, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 303–321, 2001.
[12]. Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L.
(1997), “Introduction to special issue on science policy dimensions of the triple
helix of university-industry-government relations,” Science and Public Policy, 24,
2-5.
[13]. Fronell, C.R., 1982. A Second Generation
of Multivariate Analysis Methods. Praeger, New York.
[14]. Geuna, A., & Muscio, A. (2009), “The
governance of university knowledge transfer: A critical review of the literature,”
Minerva, 47(1), 93-114.
[15]. Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L.,
Black, W.C., 1995. Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings. Prentice-Hall International,
Englewood Cliffs.
[16]. ITU (2014). ITU key ICT data. Geneva:
ITU
[17]. J. Wonglimpiyarat, “The dynamic economic
engine at Silicon Valley and US Government programmes in financing innovations,”
Technovation, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 1081–1089, Sep. 2006.
[18]. J. Dul and T. Hak, Case Study Methodology
in Business Research. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007.
[19]. Mckinsey (2013). Disruptive technologies:
Advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy. he McKinsey
Global Institute (MGI). www.mckinsey.com/mgi.
[20]. Jerome, L. (2011). Triple helix knowledge
clusters, In: M. Saad, G. Zawdie (Eds.), Theory
and Practice of Triple Helix Model in Developing Countries, Taylor & Francis.
[21]. Lohmoller, J.B., 1989. Latent Variable
Path Modeling with Partial Least Square Analysis. Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg.
[22]. M. E. Porter, Competitive Advantage of
Nations. Free Press, 1990.
[23]. M. J. Healey and P. J. Dunham, “Changing
Competitive Advantage in a Local Economy: The Case of Coventry, 1971-90,” Urban
Stud, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1279 1301, Oct. 1994.
[24]. M. E. Porter, Competitive Advantage of
Nations. Free Press, 1990a.
[25]. OECD, “OECD Economic Outlook, Volume
2001 Issue 1,” 2001b. [Online]. Available: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecdeconomic-outlook-volume-2001-issue-
1_eco_outlook-v2001-1-en. [Accessed: 26-May-2012].
[26]. OECD, “OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform:
Regulatory Reform in Korea 2000,” 2001c. [Online]. Available: http://www.oecdilibrary.org/fr/governance/oecd-reviews-ofregulatory-reformregulatory-reform-in-korea-2000_9789264181748-en.
[Accessed: 26-May-2012].
[27]. Porter, M. E., & Bond, G. C. (2008).
California Wine Cluster. Harvard Business Case.
[28]. P. J. Curran, “Competition in UK Higher
Education: Applying Porter’s diamond model to Geography departments,” Studies in
Higher Education, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 223–251, 2001.
[29]. P. R. Beije and H. O. Nuys, Eds., The
Dutch Diamond: The Usefulness of Porter in Analyzing Small Countries. GarantUitgevers
N V, 1995.
[30]. S. Albert and D. Flournoy, “Think Global,
Act Local,” International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development,
vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 59–79, 2010.
[31]. R. D. Atkinson and R. H. Court, The New Economy Index: Understanding America’s Economic Transformation. Progressive Policy Institute, 1998.
[32]. Van Looy, B., Callaert J. & Debackere K. (2006), Publication and Patent Behaviour of academic researchers: conflicting, reinforcing or merely co-existing. Research Policy. 35, 4,596-608