Effectiveness of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Patients on ART in Federal Medical Centre – Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Abstract:
A 6-month isoniazid as tuberculosis preventive
therapy (TPT) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) was nationally introduced in
Nigeria in 2014. However there has been limited research on the effectives of
IPT specific to facilities like FMC – Keffi. This study is, therefore,
conducted to evaluate the impact of IPT on the reduction of TB incidence in
patients on ART in FMC-Keffi. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on HIV
patients who commenced ART from October 2014 to September 2021. A data
extraction script was used to extract data from the patient charts on the
Electronic Medical Record (EMR). The effectives of IPT on TB incidence was
assessed using the total person years, incidence rate ratio, and a multivariate
regression model at 5% significance level. A sample size of 581, which included
444 exposed to TPT and 137 unexposed to TPT among PLHIV on ART records. We
followed them up for a total of 2,361.66 -person-years of observation. The
adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 0.03 (95% CI: 0.00–0.26, p = 0.006). The results
indicated that PLHIV on ART who received and completed a 6-month course of IPT
(Exposed group) significantly reduced TB incidence by up to 97% in odds ratio
(AOR) compared to does who didn’t receive IPT. This study provides strong evidence
that TPT significantly reduces the risk of TB in people living with HIV who are
on ART. The findings emphasize the need to scale up TPT coverage, particularly
for high-risk groups.
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