Prevalence of Breast Cancer in First Time Patients Visiting the Federal Medical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
Abstract:
Breast cancer, which is the most common malignant disorder affecting women, is characterized by the abnormal growth of cells in the breast. The study examined the burden of breast cancer in the Federal Medical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria. A sample of 300 women was taken from a population consisting of women between the ages of 18-75 years who were visiting the hospital for the first time for a period of six months. Patients were reviewed using predesigned questionnaires which focused on socio-demographic information and clinical information. The study employed statistical tools of Chi-Square and the Duncan Multiple Range test to analyse data. From a total of 300 patients screened, 65% of the studied population had grade II breast cancer while 35% had grade III breast cancer, while the most frequent histological feature observed was the invasive ductal carcinoma with 76.3% and invasive ductal carcinoma with lymphovascular invasion represented 23.7 %. The result from this study also showed that 56.4 % of the population had cancer on the right breast while 43.6 % had cancer on the left breast and 66.7 % of the cancer patients were diagnosed through trucut biopsy, 21.2 % though excision while 12.1 % was through incision technique. The findings of this study serves as a guide to health practitioners and educators in the design and execution of campaign towards oncological studies and advocates for greater public health initiatives, including education on early detection and better healthcare infrastructure, to combat the rising burden of breast cancer in Nigeria.References:
[1]. What Is Breast Cancer? Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention., 2021, Retrieved 31 March 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/what-is-breast-cancer.htm.
[2]. Cancer. World Health Organization., 2021, Retrieved 24
March 2021, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/deta il/cancer.
[3]. Adeloye D., Sowunmi O. Y., & Jacobs W., 2018,
Estimating the incidence of breast cancer in Africa: a systematic review and
meta-analysis. Journal of Global Health, (1): 34-46
[4]. Miller, E., Wilson, C., Chapman, J., Flight, I.,
Nguyen, A., Fletcher, C., & Ramsey, I., 2018, Connecting the dots between
breast cancer, obesity and alcohol consumption in middle-aged women: ecological
and case control studies. BMC Public Health, 18:460. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5357-1
[5]. Sung, H.,
Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., &
Bray, F., 2021, Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence
and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA. Cancer Journal
for Clinicians, (3), 209-249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
[6]. Olayide, A., Isiaka, A., Ganiyu, R., Samue, O.,
Halimat, A., Olalekan, O., Julius, O., & Anya, R., 2023, Breast Cancer
Treatment and Outcomes in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Asian
Pacific Journal Cancer Care, 8 (3), 591-598.
DOI:10.31557/APJCC.2023.8.3.591
[7]. McCormack, V., McKenzie, F., Foerster, M., Zietsman,
A., Galukande, M., Adisa, C., & Anele, A., 2020, Breast cancer survival and
survival gap apportionment in sub-Saharan Africa (ABC-DO): a prospective cohort
study. The Lancet, 8(9), 1203-1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30261-8
[8]. Oluwatosin, O. A., 2019, Primary health care nurses'
knowledge practice and client teaching of early detection measures of breast
cancer in Ibadan. BMC Nursing, 18(1), 16.
[9]. Thakur, P., Seam, R., Gupta, M., Gupta, M., Sharma,
M., & Fotedar, V., 2017, Breast cancer risk factor evaluation in a Western
Himalayan state: A case–control study and comparison with the Western World. South
Asian Journal of Cancer, 06(03), 106-109. https://doi.org/10.4103/sajc.sajc_157_16
[10]. Oluwatosin, O. A., & Oladepo, O., 2006, The level
of the knowledge of breast cancer and it’s early detection measures among rural
women in Akinyele local area. Ibadan. Nigeria. BMC Cancer, 6:271.
[11]. Adeniji, A. A., Dawodu, O. O., Habeebu, M. Y., Oyekan,
A. O., Bashir, A. M., Martin, G. M., Keshinro, S. O., & Fagbenr, G. T.,
2020. Distribution of Breast Cancer Subtypes Among Nigerian Women and
Correlation to the Risk Factors and Clinicopathological Characteristics. World
Journal on Oncology, 11, (4), 165-172
[12]. Rakha, E. A., Tse, G. M., & Quinn, C. M.,
2022, An update on the pathological classification of breast
cancer. Histopathology, 8, 82(1), 5–16.
[13]. Li, C. I., Anderson, B. O., Daling, J. R., & Moe,
R. E., 2003, Trends in incidence rates of invasive lobular and ductal breast
carcinoma. JAMA, 289(11), 14
[14]. Sohn, Y. M., Han, K., & Seo, M., 2016, Immuno-histochemical
subtypes of breast cancer: correlation with clinic-pathological and
radiological factors. Iranian Journal of Radiology, 13(4), 313-86
[15]. Beral, V., Bull, D., Doll, R., Peto, R., & Reeves,
G., 2004, Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast C. Breast cancer
and abortion: collaborative reanalysis of data from 53 epidemiological studies,
including 83?000 women with breast cancer from 16 countries. Lancet,
363(9414), 1007- 1016.
[16]. Zangouri,
V., Akrami, M., Tahmasebi, S., Talei, A., & Hesarooeih, A., 2018, Medullary
Breast Carcinoma and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Review Study. Iran Journal
of Medical Science, 43 (4):365–371.
[17]. Kuhn,
E., Gambini, D., Despini, L., Asnaghi, D., Runza, L., & Ferrero, S., 2023,
Updates on Lymphovascular Invasion in Breast Cancer. Biomedicines, 11(3):968. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11030968
[18]. Abdou,
Y., Gupta, M., Asaoka, M., Attwood, K., Mateusz, O., Gandhi, S., & Takabe,
K., 2022, Left sided breast cancer is associated with aggressive biology and
worse outcomes than right sided breast cancer. Scientific Reports, 12, 13377
[19]. Ntekim,
A., Oluwasanu, M., & Odukoya, O., 2022, Breast Cancer in Adolescents and
Young Adults Less Than 40 Years of Age in Nigeria: A Retrospective Analysis.
International Journal Breast Cancer, 99,432- 47. doi: 10.1155/2022/9943247
[20]. Oguntunde, P. E., Adejumo, A. O., & Okagbue,
H. I., 2017, Breast cancer patients in Nigeria: Data exploration
approach. Data in Brief, 15; 47-57.
[21]. Lambo, E. O., 2007, “Press Release on State of Health
in Nigeria.” Retrieved on 28th Aug 2007 from google online database.
[22]. Salami,
A., 2015, Diagnostic accuracy of tru-cut biopsy of breast lumps at University
College Hospital, Ibadan. African
Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 44(2),
157-162.
