Application of Health Belief Model; Tuberculosis in Healthcare Workers: Risk Reduction Measures at Asokoro District Hospital (ADH) Abuja FCT Nigeria
Abstract:
Health Care workers (HCWs) in high tuberculosis (TB) burden
settings are at increased risk of TB infection due to frequent exposure to TB
patients and inconsistent implementation of TB risk reduction measures/TB
Infection Prevention and Control (TB-IPC) practices. This study aimed to assess
the risk of TB transmission and the practice of TB risk reduction measures
among HCWs at Asokoro District Hospital (ADH), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria, utilizing
the Health Belief Model (HBM). A quantitative study design was employed, using
proportional stratified random sampling and purposive sampling, with data
collected through Researcher-administered structured questionnaires via Open
Data Kit (ODK) and a structured checklist. Results revealed high level of
perceived susceptibility and severity among HCWs, with 87% acknowledging ADH as
a high-TB burden health facility and 99% aware of TB's infectious nature.
Nevertheless, barriers to practicing TB risk reduction measures were identified
and the most notable one is the unavailability of N95 masks (reported by 99% of
participants). Though, 94% of HCWs were willing to use alternative protection,
albeit suboptimal, such as weak N95 masks. Perceived benefits of TB risk
reduction measures practices were high, with 98% recognizing the importance of
N95 masks and cross ventilation. Positive influence of cues to action, with 55%
of participants receiving training on TB transmission and a strong association
was found between training and adherence to TB risk reduction measures practices
(B = 0.543, p = 0.000). The findings are mainly systemic inclined with few
individualized ones: HCWs knowledge gap
about TB mode of transmission, inadequate availability of protective equipment,
limited training of HCWs on TB – IPC, lack of isolation unit and poor cross
ventilation. Therefore,
active interest and involvement of the hospital management in TB – IPC
activities is critical to resolves all identified gaps.
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