Childhood Knee Problem as a Risk Factor for Adulthood Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case-Control Study
Abstract:
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common
joint affected with osteoarthritis. It has multifactorial causative factors
including childhood knee problems and disorders. The study aimed to investigate
childhood-specific knee problems as risk factors for knee Osteoarthritis in
adulthood. This case-control study was conducted at an Orthopaedic Hospital
Wamakko, Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria between January 2022 and December 2022.
Cases with knee OA were diagnosed using the American College of Rheumatology
(ACR) criteria which include knee pain with at least three out of six criteria
in the case group. The inclusion criteria were adult patients aged >40 years
with knee OA. The data collected was analysed using SPSS version 26. There were
a total of 372 patients in the study with 124 cases and 248 controls in a ratio
of 1:2. The average age was 53.7±10.8 (range 40 to 88 years). There were 165
(44.4%) males and 207 (55.6%) females. Among all the patients, there were 15
(4.03%) patients with previous childhood knee problems and 357 (95.97%) no
history of previous childhood knee problems. Among the cases group, there were
13 (10.5%) cases with previous childhood knee problems and among them, there were
8 males and 7 females; childhood history of injury (6), patella instability
(3), unspecific knee pains (2), peri-articular fracture (1), and knee infection
(1). There was a statistically significant result between childhood knee
problems and Adulthood knee OA (OR=14.405, CI=3.197-64.915, and P<0.001).
The study findings have shown childhood knee problems to be risk factors for
adulthood knee osteoarthritis.
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