Unveiling the Potential of Open Strategy: An Exposé of Strategic Planning in the South African Mining Sector
Abstract:
The South African mining industry, despite being the world's
fifth-largest mineral reserve, is facing various challenges that prevent it
from contributing to the economy to its fullest potential. These challenges
include inflationary pressure, extreme nationalism, political instability,
civil unrest, poor infrastructure, and inefficient regulatory practices, which
have discouraged foreign investments. Although the government has developed
legal frameworks to address uncertain circumstances, the lack of follow-up and
transparency are key drawbacks contributing to the persistence of these issues.
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of open strategy as a
strategic management method in the South African mining industry can foster
innovation and growth while showcasing how open strategy can benefit both
established and emerging mining entities. The study highlights the importance
of adopting a mutually beneficial approach, which can unlock the full potential
of the mining industry and lead to more innovative and competitive business
strategies. The study used a mixed methodology, which means both quantitative
and qualitative data were collected. The research included interviews with 20
highly knowledgeable participants and a survey that received 205 responses. To
identify the right individuals to participate in the research, the snowball
research technique was used. It helped in creating a relevant chain sampling
and selecting individuals based on their knowledge, relationships, and
expertise regarding the research subject. According to the study's results,
there is a favorable attitude toward open strategy, which is reinforced by the
growing demand for inclusive communication as an effective means of engaging
stakeholders. The results also revealed that the South African mining sector
lacks formalized strategies and employee engagement methods. The research
determined the value of the current strategic processes in South Africa's
mining sector and generated an approach to how open strategy can be a
successful process for mining companies.
References:
[1]. Badenhorst, P. J., PJ, B., & HM, V. den
B. (2023). Rights to Minerals and Petroleum in South Africa: An Introduction.
In Google Books. Juta, Limited. https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/Rights_to_Minerals_and_Petroleum_in_Sout.html
[2]. Burger, P., Marais, L., & Deirdre van
Rooyen. (2017). Mining and Community in South Africa. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315162614
[3].
Dube, S., & Maroun, W. (2017). Corporate
Social Responsibility Reporting by South African Mining Companies: Evidence of
Legitimacy Theory. South African Journal of Business Management, 48(1),
23–34. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v48i1.17
[4].
Lindsay-Smith, G., O’Sullivan, G.,
Eime, R., Harvey, J., & Van Uffelen, J. (2018). A Mixed Methods Case Study
Exploring the Impact of Membership of a Multi-Activity, Multicentre Community
Group on Social Wellbeing of Older Adults. BMC Geriatrics, 18(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0913-1
[5]. Mares, D. R. (2022). Resource Nationalism
nd Energy Policy: Venezuela In Context. Columbia University Press, https://www.energypolicy.columbia.edu/publications/resource-nationalism-and-energy-policy/
[6].
Mines in South Africa | Africa
Mining IQ. (2023). https://projectsiq.co.za/mines-in-south-africa.htm
[7]. Nhemachena, A., & Warikandwa, T. V.
(2017). Mining Africa. Law, Environment, Society and Politics in Historical and
Multidisciplinary Perspectives: Law, Environment, Society and Politics in
Historical and Multidisciplinary Perspectives. In JSTOR. Langaa RPCIG. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvh9vz92
[8].
Sorensen, P. (2011). Legislative Transformation
of South African Mining Since 1994: What Progress? International Journal of
Environmental Studies, 68(2), 171–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2010.542314
[9].
South Africa – New Mining Charter.
(2017). Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series,
54(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2017.07794.x
[10]. Van
Der Zwan, P., & Nel, P. (2010). The Impact of the Minerals and Petroleum
Resources Royalty Act on the South African Mining Industry: A Critical Analysis.
Meditari : Research Journal of the School of Accounting Sciences, 18(2),
89–103. https://doi.org/10.1108/10222529201000012
[11]. Vandome,
C. (2023, March 9). Violence Adds to Uncertainty for South African Mining.
Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/08/violence-adds-uncertainty-south-africas-mining
[12]. Warikandwa,
T., V. (2017). Mining Africa: Law, Environment, Society, and Politics in
Historical and Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Langaa RPCIG.
[13]. Sorensen,
P. (2012). The Marikana Tragedy. International Journal of Environmental
Studies, 69(6), 871–873. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2012.734046
[14]. Bolton,
T. (2023, July 12). Significant Opportunity lies in Increased Beneficiation
in SA. Miningreview.com. https://www.miningreview.com/platinum-group-metals/significant-opportunity-lies-in-increased-beneficiation-in-sa/
[15]. Antonius,
R. (2013). Interpreting Quantitative Data with IBM SPSS Statistics. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526435439
[16]. Hautz,
J., Seidl, D., & Whittington, R. (2017). Open Strategy: Dimensions, Dilemmas,
Dynamics. Long Range Planning, 50(3), 298–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2016.12.001
[17]. Collins,
L. M. (2007). Research Design and Methods. In Elsevier eBooks (pp.
433–442). https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-370870-2/00162-1
[18]. Barter,
H. (2023, November 14). Deciphering the Mining Works Programme in South
African Mining Law: Mapping the Path to Mineral Extraction - Law firm - Barter
McKellar. Barter McKellar.https://www.bartermckellar.law/mining-law-explained/deciphering-the-mining-works-programme-in-south-african-mining-law-mapping-the-path-to-mineral-extraction
[19]. Grünig, R., & Kühn, R. (2008). Process-Based
Strategic Planning. In Springer eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68583-8
[20]. Wang,
C., Walker, E., & Redmond, J. (2007). Explaining the Lack of Strategic
Planning in SMEs: The Importance of Owner Motivation. International Journal
of Organisational Behaviour, 12(1), 1–16. https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/explaning-the-lack-of-strategic-planning-in-smes-the-importance-o
[21]. Serfontein,
K., & Hough, J. (2011). Nature of the Relationship Between Strategic
Leadership, Operational Strategy, And Organisational Performance. South
African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 14(4), 393–406.
https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v14i4.21
[22]. Serfontein,
J. J. (2010). The Impact of Strategic Leadership on the Operational Strategy
and Performance of Business Organisations in South Africa. http://scholar.sun.ac.za/bitstream/10019.1/5187/2/serfontein_impact_2010.pdf
[23]. Rajni, S., & Preeti, H. (2015).
Strategic Financial Management, Second Edition. In Google Books. PHI
Learning Pvt. Ltd. https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/strategic_financial_management_second_ed.html?id=atdkcgaaqbaj&redir_esc=y
[24]. Orbaningsih,
D., Sawitri, D., & Suharsono, R. S. (2021). Determinants of Corporate
Social Responsibility Disclosure: A Case Study of Banking Industry in
Indonesia. Koreascience, 8(5), 91–97. https://digital.kyobobook.co.kr/digital/article/articleDetail.ink?barcode=4010028355219
[25]. Retnandari,
N. D. (2022). Implementation of Strategic Planning in Regional/Municipal Governments,
Obstacles and Challenges. Policy and Governance Review, 6(2),
155. https://doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v6i2.556
[26]. Komljenović,
D., Abdul-Nour, G., & Popović, N. (2015). An approach for Strategic
Planning and Asset Management in the Mining Industry in the Context of Business
and Operational Complexity. International Journal of Mining and Mineral
Engineering, 6(4), 338. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmme.2015.073047
[27]. Citroen,
C. L. (2011). The Role of Information in Strategic Decision-Making. International
Journal of Information Management, 31(6), 493–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2011.02.005
[28]. Papadakis,
V. G., Lioukas, S., & Chambers, D. (1998). Strategic Decision-Making
Processes: The Role of Management and Context. Strategic Management Journal,
19(2), 115–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199802)19:2
[29]. Lauenstein,
M. (1986). The Failure of Strategic Planning. Journal of Business Strategy,
6(4), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb039134
[30]. Van
Oijen, A., & Douma, S. (2000). Diversification Strategy and The Roles of the
Centre. Long Range Planning, 33(4), 560–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-6301(00)00063-7
[31]. De
Clercq, D., Azeem, M. U., Haq, I. U., & Bouckenooghe, D. (2020). The Stress-Reducing
Effect of Coworker Support on Turnover Intentions: Moderation by Political
Ineptness and Despotic Leadership. Journal of Business Research, 111,
12–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.064
[32]. Mohsin,
M., Qiang, Z., Naseem, S., Sarfraz, M., & Ivașcu, L. (2021). Mining
Industry Impact on Environmental Sustainability, Economic Growth, Social
Interaction, and Public Health: An Application of Semi-Quantitative
Mathematical Approach. Processes, 9(6), 972. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9060972
[33]. Everingham,
J., Pattenden, C., Klimenko, V., & Parmenter, J. (2013). Regulation of
Resource-Based Development: Governance Challenges and Responses in Mining
Regions of Australia. Environment and Planning C-government and Policy, 31(4),
585–602. https://doi.org/10.1068/c10184
[34]. Arend,
R. J., Zhao, Y., Song, M., & Im, S. (2015). Strategic Planning as A Complex
and Enabling Managerial Tool. Strategic Management Journal, 38(8),
1741–1752. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2420
[35]. Szabo,
S., Profiroiu, M., Porumbescu, G. A., & Ceka, E. (2016). Linking
Objective-Oriented Transparency to Political Leadership and Strategic Planning.
Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 12, 75–90. https://doaj.org/article/6728c498a94b44689e029cfc84a714b3
[36]. Baraibar‐Diez,
E., Odriozola, M. D., & Sánchez, J. C. (2016). A Survey of Transparency: An
Intrinsic Aspect of Business Strategy. Business Strategy and the Environment,
26(4), 480–489. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1931
[37]. Aytug,
Z. G., Rothstein, H. R., Zhou, W., & Kern, M. C. (2011). Revealed or Concealed?
Transparency of Procedures, Decisions, and Judgment Calls in Meta-Analyses. Organizational
Research Methods, 15(1), 103–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428111403495
[38]. Adobor,
H. (2019). Opening up Strategy Formulation: Benefits, Risks, and Some
Suggestions. Business Horizons, 62(3), 383–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.01.005
[39]. Greco,
M., Grimaldi, M., & Cricelli, L. (2018). Benefits and Costs of Open
Innovation: The Beco Framework. Technology Analysis & Strategic
Management, 31(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2018.1484442
[40]. Tavakoli,
A., Schlagwein, D., & Schoder, D. (2017). Open Strategy: Literature Review,
Re-Analysis of Cases and Conceptualisation as a Practice. The Journal of
Strategic Information Systems, 26(3), 163–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2017.01.003
[41]. Tavakoli,
A., Schlagwein, D., & Schoder, D. (2017). Open Strategy: Literature Review,
Re-Analysis of Cases and Conceptualisation as a Practice. The Journal of
Strategic Information Systems, 26(3), 163–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2017.01.003
[42]. Lazarenko,
Y., Garafonova, O., Маргасова, В. Г., Grigashkina, S., & Kozureva, O. V.
(2019). The Managerial Aspects of Integrating the Sustainable Development
Principles into Practices of Mining Companies. E3S Web of Conferences, 134,
03011. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913403011
[43]. Abulrub,
A. G., & Lee, J. (2012). Open Innovation Management: Challenges and
Prospects. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 41,
130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.017
[44]. Dawes,
S. S., & Helbig, N. (2010). Information Strategies for Open Government:
Challenges and Prospects for Deriving Public Value from Government
Transparency. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (pp. 50–60). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14799-9_5
[45]. Falqueto,
J. M. Z., Hoffmann, V. E., Gomes, R. C., & Mori, S. S. O. (2019). Strategic
Planning in Higher Education Institutions: What are the Stakeholders’ Roles in the
Process? Higher Education, 79(6), 1039–1056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00455-8
[46]. Inglis,
L. M., & Minahan, S. (2005). Stakeholders and Strategic Planning in
Non-Profit Organisations: Case Studies in Complexity and Conflict. Third
Sector Review, 11(2), 17–34. http://dro.deakin.edu.au/eserv/DU:30008823/minahan-stakeholdersandstrategic-2005.pdf
[47]. Prabhu,
H. M., & Srivastava, A. K. (2022). Leadership and Supply Chain Management:
A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Modelling in Management, 18(2),
524–548. https://doi.org/10.1108/jm2-03-2021-0079
[48]. Yoopetch,
C., Nimsai, S., & Kongarchapatara, B. (2021). The Effects of Employee
Learning, Knowledge, Benefits, and Satisfaction on Employee Performance and
Career Growth in the Hospitality Industry. Sustainability, 13(8),
4101. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084101
[49]. Hameedi,
K. S. (2023). The Impact of Training on Improving Employee Performance: A Case
Study on Employees in the Directorate of Education of Ma’an District. International
Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(10), e03520. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i10.3520